A life-course and time perspective on the construct validity of psychological distress in women and men. Measurement invariance of the K6 across gender

Table 4 Measurement and structural invariance across gender at cycle 1 Middle-aged adults (40-64 years old; n = 4746)

Level of invariance	X² df p value	CFI	TLI	RMSEA	Δχ² df^a p value
Measurement invariance
M1. Configural	56.8 13 < .0001	0.993	0.993	0.038	N/A
M2. Metric (vs. M1)	47.1 15 < .0001	0.995	0.995	0.03	6.9 5 0.2282
M3. Tau equivalence (vs. M2)	579.1 19 < .0001	0.907	0.936	0.111	508.1 5 < .0001
M4. Scalar (vs. M2)	57.8 24 < .0001	0.994	0.997	0.024	21.5 13 0.0643
M6. Scale factor (vs. M4)	58.9 27 0.0004	0.995	0.997	0.022	21.9 15 0.1097
Structural invariance
M7. Latent variance (vs. M6)	36.5 19 0.0090	0.997	0.998	0.02	0.009 1 0.9228
M8. Latent means (vs. M7)	90.4 16 < .0001	0.988	0.99	0.044	33.2 2 < .0001

^a The degrees of freedom for the chi-square tests are adjusted for the WLSMV estimator and do not correspond to difference of degrees of freedom between the more constrained and the less constrained model.

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