Characteristic | Follow-up response status | Multivariable logistic regression model | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Follow-up responder N= 54,960 | Follow-up nonresponder N= 21,815 | Beta (standard error) | Pvalue | ||
 | n | % | n | % |  |  |
Intercept | Â | Â | Â | Â | -0.24 (0.07) | 0.0006 |
Demographic and military characteristics obtained from the Defense Manpower Data Center | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Gender | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Male | 40,311 | 71.7 | 15,895 | 28.3 | Ref | <0.0001 |
   Female | 14,649 | 71.2 | 5,920 | 28.8 | 0.36 (0.07) |  |
Age group (years) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   17-24 | 7,932 | 54.7 | 6,576 | 45.3 | Ref | <0.0001 |
   25-34 | 19,249 | 71.3 | 7,766 | 28.7 | 0.56 (0.08) |  |
   35-44 | 19,600 | 77.4 | 5,727 | 22.6 | 1.03 (0.09) |  |
   >44 | 8,179 | 82.4 | 1,746 | 17.6 | 1.26 (0.12) |  |
Race/ethnicity | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   White, non-Hispanic | 38,965 | 72.9 | 14,468 | 27.1 | Ref | <0.0001 |
   Black, non-Hispanic | 6,721 | 63.5 | 3,859 | 36.5 | -0.49 (0.03) |  |
   Asian/Pacific Islander | 4,859 | 80.1 | 1,207 | 19.9 | -0.02 (0.05) |  |
   Native American | 453 | 66.8 | 225 | 33.2 | -0.10 (0.14) |  |
   Hispanic | 3,202 | 64.9 | 1,728 | 35.1 | -0.30 (0.05) |  |
   Other | 760 | 69.9 | 328 | 30.1 | -0.19 (0.09) |  |
Education | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Less than high school | 2,957 | 62.9 | 1,743 | 37.1 | Ref | <0.0001 |
   High school diploma or equivalent | 21,053 | 64.1 | 11,802 | 35.9 | 0.28 (0.07) |  |
   Some college | 14,593 | 74.4 | 5,011 | 25.6 | 0.66 (0.08) |  |
   Bachelor's degree | 10,353 | 81.7 | 2,312 | 18.3 | 0.76 (0.16) |  |
   Postgraduate | 6,004 | 86.4 | 947 | 13.6 | 2.37 (1.07) |  |
Marital status | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Never married | 14,548 | 63.0 | 8,541 | 37.0 | Ref | <0.0001 |
   Married | 36,484 | 75.3 | 11,949 | 24.7 | 0.10 (0.02) |  |
   Divorced/widowed/separated | 3,928 | 74.8 | 1,325 | 25.2 | 0.04 (0.04) |  |
Branch of service | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Army | 26,261 | 72.2 | 10,118 | 27.8 | Ref | <0.0001 |
   Navy/Coast Guard | 9,918 | 70.0 | 4,259 | 30.0 | -0.20 (0.03) |  |
   Marines | 2,257 | 57.6 | 1,659 | 42.4 | -0.43 (0.05) |  |
   Air Force | 16,524 | 74.1 | 5,782 | 25.9 | -0.24 (0.03) |  |
Service component | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Reserve/Guard | 24,084 | 73.0 | 8,928 | 27.0 | Ref | <0.0001 |
   Active duty | 30,876 | 70.6 | 12,887 | 29.4 | 0.44 (0.02) |  |
Military pay grade | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Enlisted | 40,089 | 67.8 | 19,046 | 32.2 | Ref | 0.0005 |
   Warrant officer | 1,168 | 84.5 | 214 | 15.5 | 0.23 (0.10) |  |
   Commissioned officer | 13,703 | 84.3 | 2,555 | 15.7 | 0.20 (0.07) |  |
Occupational category | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Combat specialists | 11,212 | 73.0 | 4,153 | 27.0 | Ref | <0.0001 |
   Electronic equipment repair | 5,050 | 74.6 | 1,717 | 25.4 | 0.21 (0.04) |  |
   Communications/intelligence | 3,894 | 71.9 | 1,523 | 28.1 | 0.16 (0.04) |  |
   Health care | 6,144 | 77.0 | 1,837 | 23.0 | 0.14 (0.04) |  |
   Other technical and allied specialists | 1,379 | 70.0 | 590 | 30.0 | 0.08 (0.06) |  |
   Functional support and administration | 11,122 | 72.4 | 4,236 | 27.6 | 0.11 (0.03) |  |
   Electrical/mechanical equipment repair | 7,627 | 67.2 | 3,725 | 32.8 | 0.05 (0.03) |  |
   Craft workers | 1,635 | 68.6 | 748 | 31.4 | 0.08 (0.05) |  |
   Service and supply | 4,680 | 70.1 | 1,993 | 29.9 | 0.06 (0.04) |  |
   Students, trainees, and other | 2,217 | 63.2 | 1,293 | 36.8 | 0.02 (0.04) |  |
Deployment experience between 2001 and 2006a | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   None | 40,823 | 70.8 | 16,799 | 29.2 | Ref | <0.0001 |
   Deployed | 14,137 | 73.8 | 5,016 | 26.2 | 0.08 (0.02) |  |
Military status at follow-up | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Enlisted | 34,324 | 71.7 | 13,560 | 28.3 | Ref | <0.0001 |
   Officer | 14,727 | 84.5 | 2,706 | 15.5 | 0.76 (0.18) |  |
   No longer in military, retired | 3,848 | 63.6 | 2,203 | 36.4 | -1.51 (1.24) |  |
   No longer in military, other | 2,120 | 38.6 | 3,373 | 61.4 | -1.03 (0.15) |  |
Self-reported military, behavioral, and health characteristics | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Self-reported military exposures | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   No reported exposures | 39,197 | 70.9 | 16,074 | 29.1 | Ref | 0.01 |
   Witnessed a person's death due to war, disaster, or tragic event | 12,708 | 73.2 | 4,652 | 26.8 | 0.05 (0.02) |  |
   Chemical or biological warfare agents | 1,427 | 72.6 | 538 | 27.4 | 0.12 (0.06) |  |
   Both | 1,628 | 74.7 | 551 | 25.3 | 0.09 (0.05) |  |
Chronic drinking | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 51,186 | 72.1 | 19,811 | 27.9 | Ref | 0.0192 |
   Yes | 3,774 | 65.3 | 2,004 | 34.7 | -0.07 (0.03) |  |
Smoking status | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Nonsmoker | 32,102 | 74.0 | 11,287 | 26.0 | Ref | <0.0001 |
   Ever/past smoker | 13,594 | 72.8 | 5,071 | 27.2 | -0.06 (0.02) |  |
   Current smoker | 8,332 | 64.7 | 4,538 | 35.3 | -0.22 (0.02) |  |
   Unknown | 932 | 50.4 | 919 | 49.6 | -0.97 (0.05) |  |
Self-reported general health | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Excellent | 11,248 | 75.0 | 3,746 | 25.0 | Ref | <0.0001 |
   Very good | 22,233 | 73.3 | 8,102 | 26.7 | 0.06 (0.02) |  |
   Good | 16,222 | 69.6 | 7,077 | 30.4 | 0.04 (0.03) |  |
   Fair | 3,467 | 65.4 | 1,837 | 34.6 | 0.02 (0.04) |  |
   Poor | 320 | 57.9 | 233 | 42.1 | -0.14 (0.10) |  |
   Unknown | 1,470 | 64.2 | 820 | 35.8 | -0.24 (0.05) |  |
Major depressive disorder | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 53,431 | 72.0 | 20,818 | 28.0 | Ref | 0.0010 |
   Yes | 1,529 | 60.5 | 997 | 39.5 | -0.16 (0.05) |  |
Survey response characteristics | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Early response to baseline questionnaireb | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 37,656 | 68.9 | 17,019 | 31.1 | Ref | <0.0001 |
   Yes | 17,304 | 78.3 | 4,796 | 21.7 | 0.46 (0.02) |  |
Interaction terms | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Age group × military status at follow-up interactionc |  |  |  |  |  | <0.0001 |
Education × military status at follow-up interactionc |  |  |  |  |  | <0.0001 |
Gender × educationc |  |  |  |  |  | 0.0012 |
Age group × educationc |  |  |  |  |  | 0.0055 |
Gender × branch of servicec |  |  |  |  |  | 0.0239 |
Race/ethnicity × branch of servicec |  |  |  |  |  | 0.0021 |