Table 2 Clinical criteria for diabetes, subthreshold hyperglycemia, and polycystic ovarian syndrome

1. Fasting plasma glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL (7 mmol/L).

2. Two-hour post-prandial glucose (following 75-g glucose load) ≥ 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L).

3. Signs or symptoms of diabetes mellitus (polyuria, polydipsia, nocturia, acanthosis nigricans, weight loss, obesity/weight gain) and random glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L).

1.a. Type 1 DM

Subtype criteria – general DM criteria (above) met, and any of the following:

1. Type 1 DM diagnosis in medical record in conjunction with at least one of the following: (a) insulin treatment verified in medical record; (b) C-peptide concentration ≤ 0.2 nmol/L;* (c) positive islet cell (ICA) or glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (GADA) assay; (d) no evidence of oral antidiabetic medication use. 2. Tentative type 1 DM diagnosis and any of the following: (a) insulin treatment verified in medical record; (b) no evidence of oral antidiabetic medication use.

1.b. Type 2 DM

Subtype criteria –general DM criteria (above) met, and any of the following:

1. Type 2 DM diagnosis in medical record in conjunction with at least one of the following: (a) oral antidiabetic medication treatment verified in medical record; (b) diabetes-targeted lifestyle modification (dietary, physical activity, other weight loss) as primary diabetes treatment verified in medical record; (c) no evidence of insulin use.

1.c. DM, unspecified

General criteria for DM met (see 1. above), but case does not meet sub-type criteria for either type 1- (see 1.a.) or type 2- (see 1.b.) DM.

2. Possible DM

Possible hyperglycemia or diabetes mellitus mentioned in record, but laboratory testing for diabetes mellitus not performed or results unknown/unavailable.

3. Subthreshold hyperglycemia

Laboratory testing for diabetes performed and results available, meeting any of the following:

1. Abnormally elevated fasting plasma glucose (100–125 mg/dL).

2. Two-hour post-prandial glucose (following 75-g glucose load) 140–199 mg/dL.

3. Abnormally elevated plasma glucose level, with or without clinical signs of diabetes mellitus, unable to verify fasting vs. non-fasting status.

4. Polycystic ovarian syndrome

Any of the following:

1. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) diagnosis documented in medical record, with or without clinical signs and symptoms consistent with PCOS (oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea, clinical or biochemical evidence of androgen excess, or polycystic ovaries diagnosed on ultrasonography or other imaging procedure).

2. Tentative diagnosis of PCOS, with clinical signs and/or symptoms consistent with PCOS (as listed above).