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Table 3 Parameter estimates (95% CI), standard errors for intercept, race and comorbidity in general linear mixed model (GLMM † ) for binary HbA1c using sampling and random effects meta-regression, in for veterans with type 2 diabetes (2002-2006)

From: Fitting parametric random effects models in very large data sets with application to VHA national data

Simple random sample (SRS)
Parameter Sample (%) Intercept Non-hispanic black Hispanic Other 1 Comorbidity 2 Comorbidities 3+ Comorbidities
β (95% CI) 100 -0.94 (-0.98, -0.91) 0.62 (-0.02, -0.01) 0.45 (0.43, 0.48) 0.36 (0.35, 0.38) 0.07 (0.06, 0.08) 0.15 (0.13, 0.17) 0.27 (0.24, 0.29)
  25 -1.93 (-2.17, -1.69) 1.27 (1.17, 1.37) 1.07 (0.93, 1.20) 0.87 (0.77, 0.97) 0.12 (0.05, 0.21) 0.19 (0.06, 0.31) 0.39 (0.19, 0.58)
  10 -2.48 (-2.93, -2.04) 1.39 (1.20, 1.58) 1.27 (1.01, 1.53) 0.97 (0.78, 1.15) 0.16 (0.01, 0.31) 0.36 (0.14, 0.59) 0.44 (0.07, 0.80)
  5 -2.16 (-2.87, -1.45) 1.69 (1.40, 1.99) 1.10 (0.70, 1.50) 1.05 (0.75, 1.35) 0.39 (0.16, 0.62) 0.34 (0.09, 0.80) 0.33 (-0.24, 0.90)
SE 100 0.0182 0.0076 0.0105 0.0078 0.0053 0.0085 0.0125
  25 0.1221 0.0514 0.0691 0.0512 0.0402 0.0621 0.3896
  10 0.2269 0.0965 0.1308 0.0959 0.0748 0.1163 0.1858
  5 0.3608 0.1505 0.2038 0.1520 0.1175 0.1821 0.2905
Stratified random sampling (StRS)
Parameter Sample (%) Intercept Non-Hispanic Black Hispanic Other 1 Comorbidity 2 Comorbidities 3+ Comorbidities
β (95% CI) 25 -1.83 (-2.07, -1.59) 1.25 (-0.01, 0.01) 0.90 (0.76, 1.03) 0.88 (0.78, 0.98) 0.10 (0.02, 0.18) 0.30 (0.17, 0.42) 0.75 (0.56, 0.94)
  10 -2.34 (-2.78, -1.89) 1.47 (1.29, 1.66) 1.03 (0.78, 1.29) 1.00 (0.81, 1.19) 0.07 (-0.08, 0.21) 0.24 (0.02, 0.47) 0.69 (0.34, 1.05)
  5 -2.65 (-3.35, -1.95) 1.44 (1.14, 1.74) 1.74 (1.34, 2.15) 1.10 (0.81, 1.40) 0.20 (-0.03, 0.43) 0.16 (-0.19, 0.52) 0.80 (0.22, 1.39)
SE 25 0.1209 0.0514 0.0690 0.0512 0.0401 0.0620 0.0984
  10 0.2272 0.0955 0.1282 0.0949 0.0745 0.1154 0.1813
  5 0.3561 0.1531 0.2060 0.1505 0.1175 0.1817 0.2984
Random effects meta-regression without VISN 13 & 14 (REMR)
Parameter** Sample (%) Intercept Non-Hispanic Black Hispanic Other 1 Comorbidity 2 Comorbidities 3+ Comorbidities
β (95% CI) 100 -0.93 (-0.99, -0.87) 0.58 (0.52, 0.64) 0.11 (0.05, 0.17) 0.32 (0.26, 0.38) 0.07 (0.01, 0.13) 0.14 (0.08, 0.20) 0.25 (0.19, 0.31)
  1. †-Independent variables used in fitting the general linear mixed model using a binomial distribution with a logit link function were: linear time; race (non-Hispanic white reference, indicator variables); sex (female reference); marital status (single reference), service disability percentage, residence status (urban/rural, rural reference), and number of comorbidities (1, 2, or 3+; none reference).
  2. ** Veteran Integrated Service Networks (VISNs) 13 and 14 are excluded in all these models.
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