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Table 2 FEE-US item and scale characteristics

From: An ultra-short screening version of the Recalled Parental Rearing Behavior questionnaire (FEE-US) and its factor structure in a representative German sample

Scale item

M (SD)

Response frequencies

   

Never

Occasionally

Often

Always

Father – Rejection & punishment (Factor 1)

2.7 (1.06)

    
 

01 Have you been punished hard by your father, even for trifles (small offenses)?

1.5 (0.69)

59%

32%

8%

1%

 

18 Did it happen that your father gave you corporal punishment without reason?

1.2 (0.53)

82%

14%

3%

1%

Father - Emotional warmth (Factor 2)

4.2 (1.49)

    
 

15 Has your father comforted you when you were sad?

2.2 (0.81)

20%

47%

27%

6%

 

24 Was your father able to smooch with you?

2.0 (0.85)

29%

45%

20%

6%

Father – Control & overprotection (Factor 3)

3.3 (1.16)

    
 

11 Did your father spur you to become the best?

1.8 (0.83)

46%

35%

15%

4%

 

23 Do you think that your father’s anxiety that something might happen to you was exaggerated?

1.5 (0.67)

58%

34%

7%

1%

Mother – Rejection & punishment (Factor 1)

2.5 (0.90)

    
 

01 Have you been punished hard by your mother, even for trifles (small offenses)?

1.4 (0.62)

70%

24%

5%

1%

 

18 Did it happen that your mother gave you corporal punishment without reason?

1.1 (0.44)

89%

8%

2%

1%

Mother - Emotional Warmth (Factor 2)

5.3 (1.42)

    
 

15 Has your mother comforted you when you were sad?

2.7 (0.77)

6%

31%

50%

13%

 

24 Was your mother able to smooch with you?

2.6 (0.83)

9%

34%

44%

13%

Mother - Control & overprotection (Factor 3)

3.6 (1.29)

    
 

11 Did your mother spur you to become the best?

1.7 (0.79)

49%

35%

13%

3%

 

23 Do you think that your mother’s anxiety that something might happen to you was exaggerated?

1.9 (0.84)

39%

39%

18%

4%

  1. Note. N = 4,640. Item numbering according to Schumacher et al. [1,2], item translations by the authors according to Arrindell et al. [9]. Mean range is 1 - 4, with lower/ higher scores indicating refusal / stronger approval. Non-normality tests of skewness and kurtosis: *** p < .001, ** p < .01. W = Shapiro-Wilk test of normality.