Table 3 Convergent and discriminant validation measures

Objective Measures (Convergent Validity)

1. Total score on Berg Balance Scale

Score range from 0 to 56

interRAI

2. Unsteady gait

▪ No

▪ Yes

interRAI

3. Gait (path)

▪ Straight without walking aid

VCA

4. Gait (trunk)

▪ No sway, flexion, use of arms, or walking aid

▪ Sway/Uses aid/Flexion/Spreads

VCA

5. Gait (abnormality)

▪ No

▪ Yes

VCA

6. Evidence of lower extremity weakness

▪ No

▪ Yes

VCA

7. Postural stability test (nudged)^b

▪ Steady

▪ Staggers, grabs, catches self/Beings to fall

VCA

Self-Report Measures (Convergent Validity)

1. Ability to walk 3 city blocks in last 3 days

▪ No difficulty

▪ Difficulty/Unable

interRAI

2. Difficulty with ordinary housework

▪ No difficulty

▪ Some/Great difficulty

interRAI

3. Limits going outdoors (fear of falling)

▪ No

▪ Yes

interRAI

4. Pain affects mobility

▪ No

▪ Yes

VCA

Objective Measures (Discriminant Validity)

1. Vision

▪ Adequate

▪ Impaired/Moderately, highly or severely impaired

interRAI

2. Skin problems

▪ No

▪ Yes

interRAI

3. Evidence of hearing deficit

▪ No

▪ Yes

VCA

Self-Report Measures (Discriminant Validity)

1. Home environment hazardous

▪ No

▪ Yes

interRAI