From accuracy to patient outcome and cost-effectiveness evaluations of diagnostic tests and biomarkers: an exemplary modelling study

Table 3 Expected costs and effects for the predefined patient subgroups

	Subgroup			Manual palpation strategy		Modified TEE strategy		Modified TEE vs Manual palpation
	Gender	Age	% atherosclerosis	Expectedcosts (€)	Expected effects(QALY)	Expectedcosts(€)	Expectedeffects(QALY)	Expectedincremental costs (€)	Expectedincrementaleffects (QALY)	ExpectedICER(€ / QALY)
1	Men	55 yr	10%	25,896	14.31	25,943	14.32	47	0.01	4,651
2	Men	55 yr	15%	25,936	14.31	25,970	14.32	34	0.01	3,376
3	Women	55 yr	10%	25,984	15.34	25,993	15.36	10	0.02	481
4	Women	55 yr	15%	26,012	15.33	26,009	15.36	−3	0.03	−103*
5	Men	65 yr	20%	26,589	10.75	26,581	10.77	−8	0.02	−420*
6	Men	65 yr	30%	26,671	10.74	26,639	10.76	−32	0.02	−1,603*
7	Women	65 yr	20%	26,720	11.83	26,662	11.86	−58	0.03	−1,946*
8	Women	65 yr	30%	26,815	11.80	26,722	11.84	−93	0.04	−2,318*
9	Men	75 yr	40%	27,629	7.01	27,479	7.04	−149	0.03	−4,973*
10	Men	75 yr	50%	27,733	6.99	27,547	7.03	−186	0.04	−4,648*
11	Women	75 yr	40%	28,563	8.10	28,182	8.15	−380	0.05	−7,608*
12	Women	75 yr	50%	28,719	8.08	28,264	8.14	−455	0.06	−7,579*

Cost and effect outcomes for each of the 12 predefined patient subgroups (see text). For both strategies the costs and effects are given, as well as the incremental costs and effects and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER).
* In this scenario the modified TEE strategy dominated the manual palpation strategy.

ISSN: 1471-2288