Association between funding source, methodological quality and research outcomes in randomized controlled trials of synbiotics, probiotics and prebiotics added to infant formula: A Systematic Review

Table 14 Association between sponsor and conclusion on reported outcome: Tolerance symptoms

Tolerance	Source of funding	No conclusion on reported outcome	Positive	Negative	Chi-square p value	Fisher’s exact p value
Tolerance	Source of funding	n (%)^$$	n (%)^$$	n (%)^$$	Chi-square p value	Fisher’s exact p value
Colic N = 13	Industry	10 (76.9)	2 (15.4)		0.657	1.00
	None/Not clear
	Non industry	1 (7.7)
Spitting up/Regurgitation N = 26	Industry	19 (73.1)	1 (3.8)		0.032	0.062
	None/Not clear	2 (7.7)	2 (7.7)
	Non industry	2 (7.7)
Vomiting N = 32	Industry	19 (59.4)	5 (15.6)
	None/Not clear	3 (9.4)	3 (9.4)
	Non industry	2 (6.3)
Crying Fussiness N =20	Industry	10 (50)	6 (30)		0.648	1.00
	None/Not clear	2 (10)	2 (10)
	Non industry	0
Gastric residuals, Abdominal distension N = 6	Industry		1 (16.7)		0.513	1.00
	None/Not clear	1 (16.7)	1 (16.7)
	Non industry	2 (33.3)	1 (16.7)
Volume of formula consumed/daily intake N = 30	Industry	19 (63.3)	2 (6.7)	1 (3.3)	0.867	0.733
	None/Not clear	3 (10.0)
	Non industry	4 (13.3)	1 (3.3)
Days to full enteral feeding N = 8	Industry	2 (25)		1 (12.5)	0.547	1.00
	None/Not clear	1 (12.5)	1 (12.5)
	Non industry	2 ()25	1 (12.5)

ISSN: 1471-2288