Table 2 Dietary components derived from the FFQs and plasma measurements by gender
|  | Women (n = 140) | Men (n = 157) |  | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FFQ | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | P value |
Total energy intake (kcal/d) | 1306.7 | 420.8 | 1599.6 | 413.9 | <.0001 |
Protein (g) | 45.3 | 16.9 | 55.8 | 18.8 | <.0001 |
Protein (% energy) | 14.0 | 3.3 | 14.4 | 3.1 | 0.34 |
Fat (g) | 46.6 | 19.2 | 51.8 | 19.2 | 0.020 |
Fat (% energy) | 32.3 | 8.6 | 30.0 | 7.5 | 0.014 |
Carbohydrate (g) | 176.0 | 65.1 | 216.4 | 67.1 | <.0001 |
Carbohydrate (% energy) | 53.6 | 10.3 | 55.6 | 9.4 | 0.09 |
Cholesterol (mg) | 149.4 | 93.4 | 216.0 | 115.4 | <.0001 |
Fish consumption serving (/d) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Deep sea fish | 0.49 | 0.76 | 0.51 | 0.74 | 0.82 |
Other fish | 0.69 | 0.83 | 0.76 | 0.91 | 0.50 |
Seafood | 0.15 | 0.27 | 0.25 | 0.46 | 0.034 |
Total fish & seafood | 1.33 | 1.37 | 1.51 | 1.48 | 0.28 |
Saturated fat (g/d) | 12.2 | 5.1 | 15.0 | 5.8 | <.0001 |
Monounsaturated fat (g/d) | 18.8 | 8.9 | 20.8 | 9.8 | 0.07 |
Polyunsaturated fat (g/d) | 12.7 | 6.8 | 13.8 | 5.5 | 0.15 |
Saturated fat (% fat) | 27.5 | 6.0 | 30.1 | 4.9 | <.0001 |
Monounsaturated fat (% fat) | 41.3 | 8.1 | 40.5 | 6.5 | 0.31 |
Polyunsaturated fat (% fat) | 28.1 | 7.8 | 27.9 | 6.9 | 0.77 |
EPA (% fat) | 0.48 | 0.46 | 0.46 | 0.40 | 0.77 |
C22:5 (% fat) | 0.20 | 0.14 | 0.22 | 0.12 | 0.26 |
DHA (% fat) | 0.77 | 0.65 | 0.78 | 0.54 | 0.89 |
Plasma concentration (/dL) | |||||
Saturated fat (g) | 1733 | 612 | 1774 | 606 | 0.56 |
Monounsaturated fat (g) | 718 | 303 | 784 | 393 | 0.11 |
Polyunsaturated fat (g) | 1726 | 487 | 1743 | 441 | 0.77 |
N-6 fatty acid | 1511 | 442 | 1531 | 394 | 0.68 |
N-3 fatty acid | 215.5 | 59.9 | 211.8 | 62.2 | 0.60 |
Marine fatty acid | 147.9 | 45.4 | 146.9 | 47.2 | 0.85 |
EPA (20:5n-3) | 20.7 | 6.4 | 19.4 | 4.0 | 0.034 |
DHA (22:6n-3) | 127.2 | 42.3 | 127.5 | 46.0 | 0.95 |
Percentage of total fat, % | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Saturated fat | 38.9 | 2.6 | 38.7 | 2.2 | 0.45 |
Monounsaturated fat | 15.9 | 2.2 | 16.6 | 2.5 | 0.02 |
Polyunsaturated fat | 39.2 | 3.5 | 38.8 | 3.8 | 0.29 |
N-6 fatty acid | 34.3 | 3.4 | 34.1 | 3.6 | 0.56 |
N-3 fatty acid | 4.93 | 0.89 | 4.72 | 0.86 | 0.04 |
Marine fatty acid | 3.41 | 0.87 | 3.28 | 0.78 | 0.19 |
EPA (20:5n-3) | 0.48 | 0.14 | 0.45 | 0.11 | 0.014 |
DHA (22:6n-3) | 2.93 | 0.82 | 2.84 | 0.75 | 0.34 |