Table 3 Inclusion and exclusion criteria

Studies in primary care

Hospital-based studies, including outpatient clinics

Observational studies of “real life” GP-patient consultations

Papers written in languages other than English

Studies that have used video to record the consultation

Video-recorded consultations not shown to research participants

Studies that have showed the video-recorded consultation to research participants as part of further data collection

Educational research studies concerned with making assessment of doctor or trainee performance

Describes research question and results, not just methodology

Consultation with other healthcare practitioner (e.g. nurse, physiotherapist)

Experimental studies or trials

Studies involving children

Studies using actors or standardised patients