Table 2 Summary of socially disadvantaged groups in the 116 included studies

Ethnic/racial groups (e.g. Latino, Hispanics, Asian, or mixed)

40

[14–16, 18, 20–22, 29, 38, 42, 44–46, 56],[57, 60–64, 67, 77, 80, 85–87, 90, 92–94],[101, 103–105, 107–112, 127]

African American

19

[19, 25, 28, 31, 36, 37, 41, 43],[44, 47, 50, 57, 58, 70–73, 75, 81]

Substance abusers

14

[23, 24, 33, 34, 65–67, 79, 80, 82],[83, 95, 98, 126]

General - ‘vulnerable’, ‘minority’, ‘disadvantaged’

11

[30, 32, 48, 51, 52, 72, 97, 78],[84, 89, 120]

Indigenous people

8

[113–115, 117, 118, 121, 125, 128]

Low income, disadvantaged area

7

[54, 64, 96, 99, 106, 108, 119]

HIV (alone or with drug addiction or ethnic)

7

[35, 64, 67, 76, 100, 124, 129]

Low income rural

7

[49, 68–71, 74, 88]

Gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender (GLBT)

4

[38, 51, 83, 102]

Low literacy group

4

[45, 48, 86, 87]

Homeless people

4

[27, 40, 59, 95]

High risk Youth

3

[39, 55, 66]

Survivors of violence

3

[17, 26, 53]

Sex workers

1

[122]

Mental illness

1

[40]

People with a disability

1

[116]