Figure 1From: Developing and evaluating interventions that are applicable and relevant to inpatients and those who care for them; a multiphase, pragmatic action research approach Identifying and overcoming barriers to nutritional care in patients with acute hip fracture. Figure 1 demonstrates the multiple phases of this action research approach. Action research cycles are based on those presented by McNiff & Whitehead [37]. Baseline evaluation to phase III represent the observational phase of an action research cycle and also provide baseline data for a before-and-after prospective interventional trial. The implementation of key changes to routine clinical practice (the ‘intervention’) are then evaluated in phase IV.Back to article page