Table 3 Summary of results from this study and relevant published studies of PAPP-A and adverse pregnancy outcomes and Free β-hCG and adverse pregnancy outcomes

A. PAPP-A and adverse pregnancy outcomes

Preterm delivery <37 weeks

This study

1,650

≤ 5^th percentile (0.38 MoM)

3.44 (1.94–6.10)

Barrett et al 2008[7]

10,273

≤ 0.3 MoM

2.9 (2.0–4.2)

Smith et al 2002[11]

8,839

≤ 5^th percentile (0.40 MoM)

2.34 (1.75–3.12)

Dugoff et al 2004[9]

34,271

≤ 5^th percentile (0.42 MoM)

1.73 (1.47–2.04)^†

Ong et al 2000[8]

5,297

≤ 5^th percentile

1.52 (0.91–2.55)

Birth weight ≤ 10^th percentile for gestational age

This study

1,650

≤ 5^th percentile (0.38 MoM)

2.08 (1.23–3.53)

Krantz et al 2004[10]

8,012

≤ 5^th percentile (0.45 MoM)

2.7 (1.9–3.9)^††

Tul et al 2003[13]

1,136

≤ 0.5 MoM

2.51 (1.30–4.83)

Dugoff et al 2004[9]

34,271

≤ 5^th percentile (0.42 MoM)

2.47 (2.16–2.81)^†

Ong et al 2000[8]

5,297

≤ 5^th percentile

1.53 (1.08–2.17)

Fetal loss <24 weeks

This study

1,650

≤ 5^th percentile (0.38 MoM)

7.41 (2.67–20.6)

Spencer et al 2006[21]

54,722

≤ 5^th percentile (0.42 MoM)

3.25

Dugoff et al 2004[9]

34,271

≤ 5^th percentile (0.42 MoM)

2.5 (1.76–3.56)^†

B . Free β -hCG and adverse pregnancy outcomes

Outcome

Free β -hCG Study

Population (N)

MoM cut-off

OR/RR (95% CI) *

Preterm delivery <37 weeks

This study

1,650

≤ 5^th percentile (0.41 MoM)

1.31 (0.55–3.16)

Barrett et al 2008[7]

10,273

≤ 0.3 MoM

2.0 (1.3–3.1)

Ong et al 2000[8]

5,297

≤ 5^th percentile

1.29 (0.71–2.34)

Birth weight ≤ 10^th percentile for gestational age

This study

1,650

≤ 5^th percentile (0.41 MoM)

1.93 (1.11–3.34)

Ong et al 2000[8]

5,297

≤ 5^th percentile

1.38 (0.93–2.03)

Krantz et al 2004[10]

8,012

≤ 5^th percentile (0.45 MoM)

1.3 (0.8–2.0)^††

Fetal loss <24 weeks

This study

1,650

≤ 5^th percentile (0.41 MoM)

5.61 (1.87–16.8)

Spencer et al 2006[21]

54,722

≤ 5^th percentile (0.41 MoM)

3.1