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Table 2 Results in the SIR 3 and simulated data sets

From: Simulation shows undesirable results for competing risks analysis with time-dependent covariates for clinical outcomes

Type

 

Pneumonia on admission

Hospital-acquired pneumonia

Estimated constant hazards in the data sets:

Infection hazard α01

-

0.0063

 

Discharge hazard w/o pneumonia α02

0.0671

0.0627

 

Death hazard w/o pneumonia α03

0.0076

0.0075

 

Discharge hazard with pneumonia α14

0.0279

0.0334

 

Death hazard with pneumonia α15

0.0084

0.0093

 

Results:

HR(death)

1.11;1.24∗

1.00 (0.72,1.39)

0.9 (0.6,1.34)

HR(discharge)

0.42;0.53∗

0.44 (0.38,0.52)

0.59 (0.49,0.72)

SHR(death)

 

2.37 (1.72,3.26)

3.44 (2.36,5.03)

OR(death)

2.64;2.34∗

2.66 (1.86,3.81)

2.34 (1.54,3.54)

Simulated data:

 Scenario 0: α01=0.05, α02=0.2,α14=0.1, α03=α15=0.05

HR(death)

1

1.00 (0.92,1.12)

0.99 (0.91,1.09)

HR(discharge)

0.5

0.50 (0.48,0.53)

0.50 (0.47,0.53)

SHR(death)

 

1.73 (1.59,1.93)

3.24 (2.99,3.55)

OR(death)

2

2.01 (1.81,2.27)

1.99 (1.77,2.26)

 Scenario 1: α01=0.01, α02=α14=0.05, α03=α15=0.01

HR(death)

1

1.01 (0.90,1.15)

1.00 (0.87,1.15)

HR(discharge)

1

1.00 (0.95,1.05)

1.00 (0.94,1.06)

SHR(death)

 

1.01 (0.9,1.17)

1.98 (1.77,2.26)

OR(death)

1

1.01 (0.89,1.18)

1.00 (0.89,1.15)

 Scenario 2: α01=0.05, α02=α14=0.2, α03=0.05, α15=0.1

HR(death)

2

2.01 (1.86,2.22)

1.98 (1.82,2.18)

HR(discharge)

1

1.00 (0.95,1.06)

1.00 (0.95,1.05)

SHR(death)

 

1.84 (1.68,2.05)

3.57 (3.26,3.92)

OR(death)

2

2.01 (1.81,2.27)

1.99 (1.77,2.26)

 Scenario 3: α01=0.05, α02=α14=0.2, α03=0.1, α15=0.075

HR(death)

0.75

0.75 (0.7,0.82)

0.75 (0.67,0.86)

HR(discharge)

1

1.00 (0.95,1.05)

1.00 (0.93,1.08)

SHR(death)

 

0.78 (0.72,0.86)

1.50 (1.36,1.70)

OR(death)

0.75

0.75 (0.68,0.84)

0.75 (0.66,0.86)

 Scenario 4: α01=0.05, α02=0.2, α14=0.3, α03=α15=0.05

HR(death)

1

1.01 (0.91,1.16)

0.99 (0.88,1.11)

HR(discharge)

1.5

1.50 (1.42,1.57)

1.50 (1.43,1.59)

SHR(death)

 

0.71 (0.63,0.83)

1.40 (1.27,1.58)

OR(death)

0.67

0.68 (0.60,0.80)

0.66 (0.60,0.75)

  1. Upper part: Estimated hazards and results in the SIR 3 data set 95% confidence intervals are given in parenthesis. Lower part: Average results of 100 data sets with 10000 individuals per data set with empirical 95% confidence intervals in parenthesis. If applicable, the true HRs and ORs are given. The infection hazard α01 is only applicable for HAP.
  2. ∗: The values show the HRs computed with the estimated constant hazards. The first value corresponds to pneumonia on admission, the second to HAP
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BMC Medical Research Methodology

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