Fig. 3

Emotional and writing tone analysis of Cochrane Scientific abstracts (SA) (n = 158), Press releases (PR) (n = 162), and English Plain language summaries (PLS) (n = 156). The results of IBM Watson Tone Analyzer are expressed as the probability of the output variable to be present in the text. Error bars are 95% confidence intervals. The full analysis of the dataset is available in Additional file 1: Table S3. Tones with scores less than 0.5 are unlikely to be perceived in the content; scores over 0.75 mean that the measured tone will be perceived as dominant in the text [20]. Statistically significant differences (one way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test): “Anger”, “Fear” and “Analytical” – SA vs. PR and PLS, “Tentative” – SA vs. PLS