Table 1 Some examples of different approaches to doing a literature review
Systematic review | This is the ‘original’ systematic review, often responding to ‘does it work’ questions about effectiveness but can be used for a wide range of review questions. The hallmark of a systematic review is that it identifies, appraises and synthesises the empirical evidence that meets pre-specified eligibility criteria. However systematic reviews are not limited to one type of data and can be compiled with quantitative, qualitative research or both. [5] Meta-ethnography, other qualitative synthesis and integrative reviews share many of the characteristics of a systematic review as regards rigour and systematic processes they employ. [12,13,14,15] |
Scoping review | This is a mapping review, that aims to determine the range of research and other evidence that is available on a topic. A scoping review does not typically include appraisal or analysis [16]. |
Realist review | This review is a more complex enquiry than a simple ‘does it work?’ question; instead researchers explore why something works, in what circumstances it works and with whom Iit works [17] |
Rapid review | These are new review types developed in response to the need to provide a quick evidence base; the methods are largely undefined [18] |
Focused mapping review and synthesis (FMRS) | The FMRS is a method of investigating trends in academic publications and is another example of a new type of review. The FMRS was developed in response to the need for a scholarly approach to the identification of trends and is used by those who are exploring methods used in a particular area. [19] |