Table 3 Random-intercept logistic regression models for the presence of caries in The Chilean Dental Study

 Human Development Index

0.08 (0.01–0.82)

0.04 (0.01–0.39)

 Rural location

1.82 (1.17–2.81)

1.45 (0.98–2.16)

 Administrative dependency

Private (paid)

Reference

Reference

Private (subsidized)

2.74 (1.64–4.55)

1.12 (0.69–1.83)

Public

3.99 (2.28–6.98)

1.65 (0.98–2.77)

 School fluoride program

No program

1.33 (0.84–2.12)

1.17 (0.81–1.70)

 Sex

Male

1.22 (1.00–1.48)

 Age

1 year

Reference

2 years

4.98 (2.18–11.38)

3 years

12.14 (5.45–27.04)

4 years

15.00 (6.69–33.64)

5 years

15.22 (6.68–34.68)

6 years

14.34 (6.20–33.23)

 Family income

0.93 (0.85–1.02)

 Presence of gingivitis

Absent

Reference

Present

2.14 (1.67–2.75)

 Educational level of main caretaker

University

Reference

No studies

0.90 (0.14–5.73)

Primary school

1.26 (0.81–1.97)

Secondary school

1.60 (1.14–2.24)

Technical school

1.15 (0.82–1.61)

 Access to health care

Private

Reference

Public

1.21 (0.89–1.65)

ICC^a district

0.0495

0.0135

0.0134

ICC^a school within district

0.1278

0.0378

0.0153

AIC^a

2863.3

2836.8

2521.6

AUC^a

0.50 (0.50–0.50)

0.63 (0.60–0.65)

0.72 (0.70–0.74)