Estimator | Model specification | Bias (×100) at t = 3 | Bias (× 100) at t = 5 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Censoring | Event | Covariate | Control | Test | Log of risk ratio | Control | Test | Log of risk ratio | |
Scenario 1: 30% censoring in both control and test groups. | |||||||||
IPCW | Correct | – | – | 0.0 | 0.0 | −0.2 | − 0.1 | 0.0 | − 0.4 |
Kaplan–Meier | Incorrect | 0.5 | 0.4 | −0.2 | 1.9 | 1.5 | −0.9 | ||
Parametric | – | Correct | Correct | 0.0 (1.23) | 0.0 (1.22) | −0.2 (1.23) | 0.0 (1.10) | 0.0 (1.08) | −0.3 (1.09) |
g-formula | Correct | Incorrect | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 1.2 | 0.4 | 3.9 | |
Incorrect | Correct | 0.5 | 0.1 | 3.4 | 2.0 | 1.7 | −2.2 | ||
Incorrect | Incorrect | 0.5 | 0.1 | 3.4 | 1.9 | 1.7 | −2.4 | ||
Proposed | Correct | Correct | Correct | −0.1 (1.04) | 0.0 (1.01) | −0.3 (1.02) | − 0.3 (1.00) | − 0.1 (0.99) | − 0.8 (1.01) |
doubly robust | Correct | Incorrect | 0.0 | 0.0 | − 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.8 | |
Incorrect | Correct | 0.0 | 0.0 | −0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | −0.4 | ||
Incorrect | Incorrect | 0.0 | 0.0 | −0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | −0.4 | ||
Incorrect | Correct | Correct | −0.1 | 0.0 | −0.2 | − 0.3 | −0.1 | − 0.7 | |
Correct | Incorrect | 0.0 | 0.0 | −0.1 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.9 | ||
Incorrect | Correct | 0.5 | 0.4 | −0.2 | 1.9 | 1.5 | −1.0 | ||
Incorrect | Incorrect | 0.5 | 0.4 | −0.2 | 1.9 | 1.6 | −0.9 | ||
Scenario 2: 20% censoring in both control and test groups. | |||||||||
IPCW | Correct | – | – | 0.0 | 0.0 | −0.3 | − 0.1 | 0.0 | − 0.3 |
Kaplan–Meier | Incorrect | 0.3 | 0.2 | −0.2 | 1.3 | 1.0 | −0.5 | ||
Parametric | – | Correct | Correct | 0.0 (1.25) | 0.0 (1.24) | −0.2 (1.26) | 0.0 (1.06) | 0.0 (1.04) | −0.3 (1.04) |
g-formula | Correct | Incorrect | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 1.1 | 0.3 | 3.9 | |
Incorrect | Correct | 0.1 | −0.2 | 4.2 | 1.4 | 1.2 | −1.4 | ||
Incorrect | Incorrect | 0.1 | −0.2 | 4.2 | 1.3 | 1.2 | − 1.6 | ||
Proposed | Correct | Correct | Correct | −0.1 (1.03) | 0.0 (1.03) | −0.3 (1.05) | − 0.2 (1.00) | − 0.1 (0.99) | −0.6 (1.01) |
doubly robust | Correct | Incorrect | 0.0 | 0.0 | −0.2 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.5 | |
Incorrect | Correct | 0.0 | 0.0 | −0.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | −0.3 | ||
Incorrect | Incorrect | 0.0 | 0.0 | −0.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | −0.3 | ||
Incorrect | Correct | Correct | −0.1 | 0.0 | −0.3 | − 0.2 | −0.1 | − 0.4 | |
Correct | Incorrect | 0.0 | 0.0 | −0.2 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.5 | ||
Incorrect | Correct | 0.3 | 0.2 | −0.2 | 1.3 | 1.0 | −0.5 | ||
Incorrect | Incorrect | 0.3 | 0.2 | −0.2 | 1.3 | 1.0 | −0.5 | ||
Scenario 3: 9% censoring in control group and 12% censoring in test group | |||||||||
IPCW | Correct | – | – | 0.0 | 0.0 | −0.3 | −0.1 | 0.0 | −0.3 |
Kaplan–Meier | Incorrect | 0.1 | 0.1 | −0.8 | 0.5 | 0.6 | −1.6 | ||
Parametric | – | Correct | Correct | 0.0 (1.26) | 0.0 (1.25) | −0.2 (1.28) | 0.0 (1.03) | 0.0 (1.02) | −0.3 (1.02) |
g-formula | Correct | Incorrect | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 1.0 | 0.2 | 3.8 | |
Incorrect | Correct | −0.3 | −0.5 | 3.4 | 0.6 | 0.8 | −2.2 | ||
Incorrect | Incorrect | −0.3 | − 0.5 | 3.3 | 0.6 | 0.7 | −2.4 | ||
Proposed | Correct | Correct | Correct | 0.0 (1.00) | 0.0 (1.00) | −0.3 (1.00) | −0.1 (1.00) | − 0.1 (1.00) | −0.4 (1.00) |
doubly robust | Correct | Incorrect | 0.0 | 0.0 | −0.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | |
Incorrect | Correct | 0.0 | 0.0 | −0.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | −0.3 | ||
Incorrect | Incorrect | 0.0 | 0.0 | −0.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | −0.3 | ||
Incorrect | Correct | Correct | 0.0 | 0.0 | −0.3 | −0.1 | −0.1 | 0.0 | |
Correct | Incorrect | 0.0 | 0.0 | −0.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | ||
Incorrect | Correct | 0.1 | 0.1 | −0.8 | 0.5 | 0.6 | −1.6 | ||
Incorrect | Incorrect | 0.1 | 0.1 | −0.8 | 0.5 | 0.6 | −1.6 |