Table 1 Adherence to the STROBE Reporting Criteria
Item | Recommendation | Fully Reported (%) | Partly Reported (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Title and abstract | 1 | (a) Indicat the study’s design with a commonly used term in the title or the abstract | 164 (99.39) | 0 (0) |
(b) Provide in the abstract an informative and balanced summary of what was done and what was found | 163 (98.79) | 0 (0) | ||
Introduction | ||||
Background/rationale | 2 | Explain the scientific background and rationale for the investigation being reported | 158 (95.75) | 7 (4.25) |
Objectives | 3 | State specific objectives, including any prespecified hypotheses | 165 (100) | 0 (0) |
Methods | ||||
Study design | 4 | Present key elements of study design early in the paper | 165 (100) | 0 (0) |
Setting | 5 | Describe the setting, locations, and relevant dates, including periods of recruitment, exposure, follow-up, and data collection | 129 (78.18) | 28 (16.97) |
Participants | 6 | (a) Cohort study—Give the eligibility criteria, and the sources and methods of selection of participants. Describe methods of follow-up Case-control study—Give the eligibility criteria, and the sources and methods of case ascertainment and control selection. Give the rationale for the choice of cases and controls Cross-sectional study—Give the eligibility criteria, and the sources and methods of selection of participants | 89 (53.94) | 31(23. 64) |
(b) Cohort study—For matched studies, give matching criteria and number of exposed and unexposed Case-control study—For matched studies, give matching criteria and the number of controls per case | 41(73.21) | 0 (0) | ||
Variables | 7 | Clearly define all outcomes, exposures, predictors, potential confounders, and effect modifiers. Give diagnostic criteria, if applicable | 52 (31.52) | 98 (59.39) |
Data sources | 8 | For each variable of interest, give sources of data and details of methods of assessment zhg (measurement). Describe comparability of assessment methods if there is more than one group | 127 (76.97) | 17 (10.30) |
Bias | 9 | Describe any efforts to address potential sources of bias | 135 (81.82) | 0 (0) |
Study size | 10 | Explain how the study size was arrived at | 70 (42.42) | 0 (0) |
Quantitative variables | 11 | Explain how quantitative variables were handled in the analyses. If applicable, describe which groupings were chosen and why | 21 (12.73) | 33 (20.00) |
Statistical methods | 12 | (a) Describe all statistical methods, including those used to control for confounding | 141 (85.45) | 16 (9.70) |
(b) Describe any methods used to examine subgroups and interactions | 11(6.67) | 0 (0) | ||
(c) Explain how missing data were addressed | 11(6.67) | 0 (0) | ||
(d) Cohort study—If applicable, explain how loss to follow-up was addressed Case-control study—If applicable, explain how matching of cases and controls was addressed Cross-sectional study—If applicable, describe analytical methods taking account of sampling strategy | 36 (21.82) | 0 (0) | ||
(e) Describe any sensitivity analyses | 6 (3. 63) | 0 (0) | ||
Results | ||||
Participants | 13 | (a) Report numbers of individuals at each stage of study—eg numbers potentially eligible, examined for eligibility, confirmed eligible, included in the study, completing follow-up, and analysed | 49 (29.70) | 116 (70.30) |
(b) Give reasons for non-participation at each stage | 14 (8.48) | 0 (0) | ||
(c) Consider use of a flow diagram | 25(15.15) | 0 (0) | ||
Descriptive data | 14 | (a) Give characteristics of study participants (eg demographic, clinical, social) and information on exposures and potential confounders | 79 (47.88) | 82 (49.70) |
(b) Indicate number of participants with missing data for each variable of interest | 14 (8.48) | 0 (0) | ||
(c) Cohort study—Summarise follow-up time (eg, average and total amount) | 6 (15.79) | 0 (0) | ||
Outcome data | 15 | Cohort study—Report numbers of outcome events or summary measures over time Case-control study—Report numbers in each exposure category, or summary measures of exposure Cross-sectional study—Report numbers of outcome events or summary measures | 163 (98.79) | 0 (0) |
Main results | 16 | (a) Give unadjusted estimates and, if applicable, confounder-adjusted estimates and their precision (eg, 95% confidence interval). Make clear which confounders were adjusted for and why they were included | 58 (35.16) | 68 (41.21) |
(b) Report category boundaries when continuous variables were categorized | 26 (15.76) | 0 (0) | ||
(c) If relevant, consider translating estimates of relative risk into absolute risk for a meaningful time period | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ||
Other analyses | 17 | Report other analyses done—eg analyses of subgroups and interactions, and sensitivity analyses | 20 (12.12) | 0 (0) |
Discussion | ||||
Key results | 18 | Summarise key results with reference to study objectives | 165 (100) | 0 (0) |
Limitations | 19 | Discuss limitations of the study, taking into account sources of potential bias or imprecision. Discuss both direction and magnitude of any potential bias | 87 (52.73) | 16 (9. 69) |
Interpretation | 20 | Give a cautious overall interpretation of results considering objectives, limitations, multiplicity of analyses, results from similar studies, and other relevant evidence | 137 (83.03) | 18 (10.91) |
Generalisability | 21 | Discuss the generalisability (external validity) of the study results | 45 (27.27) | 2 (1.21) |
Other information | ||||
Funding | 22 | Give the source of funding and the role of the funders for the present study and, if applicable, for the original study on which the present article is based | 20 (12.12) | 0 (0) |