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Table 4 First level scales across subgroups: means, standard deviations and frequencies of scorings above the cutoff. T-test and ANOVA for continuous variables, Chi-square test for categorical variables

From: Hospital workers mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: methods of data collection and characteristics of study sample in a university hospital in Milan (Italy)

  GHQ-12 IES-R GAD-7
Mean (sd) N(%) > cutoff Mean (sd) N(%) > cutoff Mean (sd) N(%) > cutoff
Male 2.90 (3.05) 69 (35) 16.7 (15.6) 32 (16) 4.55 (4.40) 28 (14)
Female 3.67 (3.45) 148 (42) 23.0 (18.1) 88 (25) 6.66 (5.61) 88 (25)
  *   *** * *** **
Age group
 20–30 4.39 (3.79) 38 (53) 23.2 (19.6) 22 (31) 6.77 (5.20) 18 (25)
 31–40 3.76 (3.35) 68 (45) 21.7 (16.3) 36 (24) 6.42 (5.17) 35 (23)
 41–50 3.17 (3.29) 44 (32) 19.9 (18.4) 27 (20) 5.69 (5.51) 28 (20)
 51–60 3.29 (3.28) 57 (38) 22.3 (17.8) 34 (23) 6.02 (5.62) 33 (22)
  > 60 1.55 (1.79) 8 (17) 10.4 (8.53) 1 (2) 2.84 (2.65) 1 (2)
  *** ** *** ** *** *
Occupational role
 Administrative staff 2.19 (2.63) 15 (24) 16.2 (12.1) 5 (8) 4.35 (4.20) 6 (9)
 Health assistant 2.88 (3.43) 10 (30) 24.5 (17.3) 8 (24) 6.66 (5.65) 10 (30)
 Nursing staff 4.19 (3.70) 106 (48) 25.1 (20.0) 70 (31) 6.73 (5.77) 58 (26)
 Physician 3.04 (2.94) 62 (38) 16.6 (14.4) 23 (14) 5.33 (4.81) 29 (17)
 Others 3.00 (2.98) 24 (34) 18.9 (16.2) 14 (19) 5.55 (5.16) 13 (18)
  *** ** *** *** ** *
Chronic disease
 Yes 3.57 (3.50) 78 (41) 22.9 (19.2) 51 (27) 6.39 (5.83) 50 (26)
 No 3.29 (3.25) 139 (38) 19.6 (16.4) 69 (19) 5.64 (4.99) 66 (18)
    * *   *
Positive nasopharyngeal swab
 Yes 3.37 (3.60) 23 (39) 20.0 (16.3) 15 (25) 5.91 (4.76) 9 (15)
 No 3.39 (3.30) 194 (39) 20.8 (17.6) 105 (21) 5.90 (5.37) 107 (21)
Experience of quarantine
 Yes 3.67 (3.53) 41(46) 22.2 (17.7) 25 (28) 6.28 (4.63) 19 (21)
 No 3.34 (3.29) 176 (38) 20.4 (17.4) 95 (20) 5.82 (5.42) 97 (21)
COVID-19 area working experience
 Never 2.53 (2.77) 63 (28) 16.1 (14.1) 28 (12) 4.72 (4.77) 31 (13)
 Yes       
currently 4.20 (3.65) 100 (50) 25.1 (19.3) 62 (31) 7.20 (5.51) 58 (29)
previously 3.66 (3.40) 54 (43) 21.8 (17.9) 30 (24) 5.94 (5.40) 27 (21)
  *** *** *** *** *** ***
  > 120 days 4.17 (3.62) 78 (49) 25.1 (19.1) 50 (32) 7.14 (5.64) 47 (30)
  < 120 days 3.88 (3.52) 71 (45) 22.4 (18.5) 38 (24) 6.35 (5.44) 37 (23)
  *** *** *** *** *** ***
high-intensity area 4.18 (3.60) 132 (50) 25.2 (19.4) 81 (31) 6.96 (5.60) 72 (27)
low-intensity area 3.20 (3.26) 22 (35) 18.1 (14.9) 11 (17) 5.67 (4.97) 13 (21)
  *** *** *** *** *** ***
Family member positive to COVID-19
 Yes 4.44 (3.36) 44 (58) 23.9 (16.9) 24 (32) 7.30 (5.10) 23 (30)
 No 3.23 (3.30) 173 (36) 20.2 (17.5) 96 (20) 5.68 (5.30) 93 (19)
  ** ***   * * *
  1. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.005; *** p < 0.001
  2. p values refer to comparisons between subjects with working experiences in COVID-19 area ( current/previous, number of days, intensity area) and subjects with no experience in COVID-19 area