Fig. 1From: Bayesian identification of structural coefficients in causal models and the causal false-positive risk of confounders and colliders in linear Markovian modelsDirected acyclic graph for the structural causal model which describes the effect of treatment X on outcome Y under the confounding variable C. UX, UY and UC denote unobservable latent variables, which determine the values of X, Y and CBack to article page