Table 2 Characteristics of male and female patients with TBI by injury severity
VARIABLES | FEMALES, by injury severity (25,137, %) | MALES, by injury severity (33,379, %) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unspecified (12,075, 48.0) | Mild (8260, 32.9) | Moderate (682, 2.7) | Severe (4120, 16.4) | Unspecified (12,961, 38.8) | Mild (12,201, 36.6) | Moderate (1484, 4.5) | Severe (6733, 20.2) | |
Sociodemographic characteristics [H = host; E = Environment] | ||||||||
Age at first TBI, years old H | ||||||||
 Mean (SD) | 33.51 (22.3) | 33.1 (22.9) | 55.5 (25.7) | 66.7 (25.0) | 27.8 (20.3) | 26.8 (19.5) | 40.7 (21.6) | 56.7 (25.4) |
Median (Q1-Q3) | 27 (16–49) | 25 (15–49) | 60 (33–78) | 76 (55–85) | 20 (13–40) | 19 (13–37) | 36 (23–56) | 62 (36–79) |
 Income quantile Q1 (lowest)H | 2255 (18.7) | 1567 (19.0) | 137 (20.1) | 909 (22.1) | 2409 (18.6) | 2307 (18.9) | 389 (26.2) | 1492 (22.2) |
 Q2 | 2334 (19.3) | 1568 (19.0) | 153 (22.4) | 840 (20.4) | 2473 (19.1) | 2396 (19.6) | 300 (20.2) | 1476 (21.9) |
 Q3 | 2399 (19.9) | 1616 (19.6) | 126 (18.5) | 815 (19.8) | 2572 (19.8) | 2360 (19.3) | 256 (17.3) | 1350 (20.1) |
 Q4 | 2645 (21.9) | 1725 (20.9) | 133 (19.5) | 766 (18.6) | 2784 (21.5) | 2596 (21.3) | 272 (18.3) | 1261 (18.7) |
 Q5 (highest) | 2442 (20.2) | 1784 (21.6) | 133 (19.5) | 790 (19.2) | 2723 (21.0) | 2542 (20.8) | 267 (18.0) | 1154 (17.1) |
 Rurality (yes)E | 2000 (16.6) | 1269 (15.4) | 78 (11.4) | 495 (12.0) | 2213 (17.1) | 1924 (15.8) | 192 (12.9) | 913 (13.6) |
Factors [A = agent &vector; H = host; E = Environment] | ||||||||
 1. MultitraumaH/A | 178 (1.5) | 134 (1.6) | 66 (9.7) | 504 (12.2) | 274 (2.1) | 282 (2.3) | 141 (9.5) | 956 (14.2) |
 2. Heart & Metabolic DisordersH | 577 (4.8) | 374 (4.5) | 112 (16.4) | 1660 (40.3) | 525 (4.1) | 365 (3.00) | 143 (9.6) | 2339 (34.7) |
 3. Alzheimer’s & DementiaH | 17 (0.1) | 14 (0.2) | NA (NA) | 115 (2.8) | 13 (0.1) | NA (NA) | NA (NA) | 93 (1.4) |
 4. Endocrine, Metabolic & Elderly EmergenciesH | 497 (4.1) | 324 (3.9) | 135 (19.8) | 1791 (43.5) | 480 (3.7) | 347 (2.8) | 154 (10.4) | 2610 (38.8) |
 5. Complications & Resp EmergenciesE | 28 (0.2) | 15 (0.2) | NA (NA) | 118 (2.9) | 39 (0.3) | 29 (0.2) | 21 (1.4) | 385 (5.7) |
 6. Elderly Disorders, Neoplasms & FallsH/A | 1580 (13.1) | 985 (11.9) | 200 (29.3) | 2302 (55.9) | 1291 (10.0) | 1032 (8.5) | 241 (16.2) | 3162 (47.0) |
 7. Stroke & Brain Emerg SequelaeH | 62 (0.5) | 25 (0.3) | 15 (2.2) | 265 (6.4) | 45 (0.4) | 39 (0.3) | 23 (1.6) | 455 (6.8) |
 8. Renal DysfunctionH | 46 (0.4) | 31 (0.4) | 8 (1.2) | 209 (5.1) | 62 (0.5) | 45 (0.4) | 24 (1.6) | 420 (6.2) |
 9. Resp Emerg, SepticemiaE | 48 (0.4) | 27 (0.3) | 10 (1.5) | 189 (4.6) | 60 (0.5) | 33 (0.3) | 30 (2.0) | 447 (6.6) |
 10. CoagulopathiesH | 50 (0.4) | 39 (0.5) | 15 (2.2) | 268 (6.5) | 50 (0.4) | 29 (0.2) | 10 (0.7) | 365 (5.4) |
 11. Liver DisordersH | 8 (0.1) | NA (NA) | NA (NA) | 35 (0.9) | 26 (0.2) | 21 (0.2) | NA (NA) | 95 (1.4) |
 12. Resp Infections & ABX ResistanceE | 64 (0.5) | 63 (0.8) | 24 (3.5) | 369 (9.0) | 68 (0.5) | 38 (0.3) | 26 (1.8) | 495 (7.4) |
 13. Airway ObstructionE | 113 (0.9) | 59 (0.7) | 25 (3.7) | 572 (13.9) | 126 (1.0) | 78 (0.6) | 46 (3.1) | 937 (13.9) |
 14. Parkinson’s & DementiaH | 14 (0.1) | 9 (0.1) | NA (NA) | 52 (1.3) | 20 (0.2) | 10 (0.1) | NA (NA) | 104 (1.5) |
 15. Abuse & Sexual AssaultE | 54 (0.5) | 45 (0.5) | 11 (1.6) | 20 (0.5) | 16 (0.1) | 23 (0.2) | NA (NA) | 22 (0.3) |
 16. Falls & SyncopeHA | 3260 (27.0) | 2180 (26.4) | 280 (41.1) | 2339 (56.8) | 2317 (17.9) | 1981 (16.2) | 267 (18.0) | 2892 (43.0) |
 17. Diabetic EmergenciesH | 435 (3.6) | 296 (3.6) | 56 (8.2) | 691 (16.8) | 416 (3.2) | 309 (2.5) | 74 (5.0) | 1202 (17.9) |
 18. Car CollisionA | 1180 (9.8) | 706 (8.6) | 76 (11.1) | 344 (8.4) | 932 (7.2) | 760 (6.2) | 95 (6.4) | 630 (9.4) |
 19. Brain & Other HemorrhagesH | 148 (1.2) | 96 (1.2) | 50 (7.3) | 864 (21.0) | 159 (1.2) | 129 (1.1) | 74 (5.0) | 1367 (20.3) |
 20. Seizures & Drug AdversitiesH/E | 114 (0.9) | 55 (0.7) | 13 (1.9) | 269 (6.5) | 142 (1.1) | 115 (0.9) | 31 (2.1) | 545 (8.1) |
 21. AssaultA | NA (NA) | 8 (0.1) | NA (NA) | 16 (0.4) | 25 (0.2) | 36 (0.3) | 11 (0.7) | 75 (1.1) |
 22. Motorcycle CollisionA | 218 (1.8) | 152 (1.8) | 40 (5.9) | 234 (5.7) | 414 (3.2) | 437 (3.6) | 90 (6.1) | 548 (8.1) |
 23. Alcohol & Drugs MisuseH | 152 (1.3) | 106 (1.3) | 18 (2.6) | 192 (4.7) | 290 (2.2) | 325 (2.7) | 126 (8.5) | 751 (11.2) |
 24. Multiple Systems CollapseH | 26 (0.2) | 8 (0.1) | 10 (1.5) | 127 (3.1) | 42 (0.3) | 19 (0.2) | 28 (1.9) | 369 (5.5) |
 25. Intracranial Pathology, ConvalescenceH/E | 90 (0.8) | 66 (0.8) | 34 (5.0) | 561 (13.6) | 103 (0.8) | 101 (0.8) | 56 (3.8) | 914 (13.6) |
 26. Assault & Alcohol DisordersH/A | 586 (4.9) | 456 (5.5) | 88 (12.9) | 271 (6.6) | 1256 (9.7) | 1703 (14.0) | 628 (42.3) | 1163 (17.3) |
 27. Aplastic Anemias & HemorrhagesH | 45 (0.4) | 33 (0.4) | 10 (1.5) | 188 (4.6) | 37 (0.3) | 43 (0.4) | 27 (1.8) | 276 (4.1) |
 28. Risky Behaviors, Drug Disorders & Social Disparities H/E | 199 (1.7) | 128 (1.6) | 26 (3.8) | 229 (5.6) | 385 (3.0) | 421 (3.5) | 150 (10.1) | 879 (13.1) |
 29. Superficial InjuriesH/A | 432 (3.6) | 277 (3.4) | 16 (2.4) | 123 (3.0) | 425 (3.3) | 319 (2.6) | 40 (2.7) | 181 (2.7) |
 30. Pedal cycle InjuriesA | 305 (2.5) | 255 (3.1) | 27 (4.0) | 76 (1.8) | 569 (4.4) | 656 (5.4) | 76 (5.1) | 328 (4.9) |
 31. Heavy Transport InjuriesA | 693 (5.7) | 419 (5.1) | 46 (6.7) | 189 (4.6) | 546 (4.2) | 432 (3.5) | 53 (3.6) | 283 (4.2) |
 32. Pedestrian Injuries, Car CollisionA | 117 (1.0) | 102 (1.2) | 26 (3.8) | 207 (5.0) | 128 (1.0) | 108 (0.9) | 42 (2.8) | 252 (3.7) |
 33. Falls from ElevationA | 297 (2.5) | 186 (2.3) | 22 (3.2) | 125 (3.0) | 471 (3.6) | 467 (3.8) | 66 (4.5) | 513 (7.6) |
 34. Headache, Blurred Vision & Object StrikesH/A | 3020 (25.0) | 1787 (21.6) | 57 (8.4) | 314 (7.6) | 3208 (24.8) | 2459 (20.2) | 175 (11.8) | 584 (8.7) |