Fig. 17From: Analysis approaches to address treatment nonadherence in pragmatic trials with point-treatment settings: a simulation studyStandard error (SE) versus treatment effect in risk difference for 10 percent and 40 percent nonadherence using DAG 2. All 2SLS and 2SRI methods share the same line as they produce approximately the same SE. The PP methods also superimposed on each other. Abbreviations: ITT: intention-to-treat, PP: per-protocol, AT: as-treated, IP-weighted PP: inverse probability-weighted per-protocol, 2SLS: two-stage least square, 2SRI: two-stage residual inclusionBack to article page