Table 1 Characteristics of included studies (N = 21)
Authors | Study objective | Study design | Single / multi-site / population | Country | Dates of recruitment | ED presentations per participant case | Risk of biasb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Barbera et al. [29]a | Evaluate the impact of ESAS screening on ED visits | Retrospective cohort | Population | Canada | Jan 2007—Dec 2009 |  | Low |
Eskander et al. [30] | Assess the rate of unplanned hospitalisations and ED visits in the treatment period for patients with HNSCC being treated with curative intent | Retrospective cohort | Population | Canada | Jan 2008—Dec 2012 | 1.13 ED visits per participant case | Low |
Kamat et al. [28] | Report treatment patterns; the source, setting, and division of costs; and survival outcomes | Retrospective cohort | Population | US | Jan 2007—Dec 2011 | 0.8 ED visits per participant case (1st line treatment) 0.6 ED visits per participant case (2nd line treatment) | Low |
Korytowsky et al. [31] | Evaluate HRU rates and total cost of care from a US payer perspective among patients with aNSCLC treated with ST | Retrospective cohort | Population | Not specified | Mar 2013—Dec 2016 | 0.77 ED visits per participant case (pre-IO) 0.66 ED visits per participant case (post-IO) | Low |
Li et al. [32] | Compare medical costs and healthcare resource utilisation for patients using everolimus-based therapy vs chemotherapy | Retrospective cohort | Population | US | Jul 2012—Mar 2014 | 0.10 ED visits per person (line 1) | Low |
Mehra et al. [33]a | Analyse patterns of healthcare resource utilisation and costs among a large group of commercially-insured patients receiving docetaxel for APC | Retrospective cohort | Population | US | Jan 2003—Dec 2009 |  | Low |
Williams et al. [34]a | Evaluate concordance of treatment regimens received (hormone therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapies) with NCCN guidelines for older women with early-stage breast cancer; understand categories of discordant treatments; and determine the impact of discordance on health care utilisation (hospitalisations and ED visits) and spending | Retrospective cohort | Population | US | 2012—2015 |  | Low |
Colligan et al. [35]a | Estimate the impacts of two programs and assess their relative effectiveness to inform future models to reduce utilisation and spending in cancer patients | Retrospective cohort | Multi | US | 2010—2015 |  | Moderate |
Dufton et al. [36] | Explore socio-demographic [46] and disease related characteristics of cancer patients presenting to an ED within 28 days of receiving infusional, systemic anti-cancer therapy in a Day Oncology Unit, in order to identify those at greater risk of making an unplanned ED presentation | Retrospective cohort | Single | AUS | Dec 2014—Nov 2017 | 0.88 ED visits per participant case | Moderate |
Enright et al. [37] | Examine the frequency of ER&Hs associated with chemotherapy | Retrospective cohort | Population | Canada | Jan 2007—Dec 2009 | 0.35 ED visits per participant case | Moderate |
Fisher et al. [38] | Compare health care resource use, treatment patterns, and economic outcomes among patients with cancer receiving intravenous chemotherapy | Retrospective cohort | Population | US | Jan 2006—Aug 2012 | 0.3 ED visits per participant case (treated in physician office) 0.8 ED visits per participant case (treated in hospital outpatient setting) | Moderate |
Harrison et al. [39] | Assess the frequency and severity of patient-reported, chemotherapy- related toxicities in adults receiving their first cycle of chemotherapy for cancer, compared with the frequency of toxicities documented by clinicians. Second, assess factors are associated with unplanned health care service use resulting from toxicities reported by patients after first-cycle chemotherapy | Cross-sectional | Single | US | Not stated | NA | Moderate |
Minami et al. [40]a | Clarify the frequency with which Japanese lung cancer patients visit the ED after hours | Retrospective cohort | Single | Japan | Jan 2008—Jun 2012 |  | Moderate |
Peyrony et al. [41] | Estimate the frequency with which patients with cancer undergoing ICB at our institution present to the ED | Retrospective cohort | Single | France | Jan 2012—Jun 2017 | NA | Moderate |
Hoverman et al. [42] | Evaluate the impact of Innovent on Level I Pathway compliance within TXO, implement PSS, measure the rate and costs associated with chemotherapy-related ER visits and in-patient use, and assess chemotherapy costs | Prospective cohort | Population | US | Jun 2010—May 2012 | 0.21 ED visits per participant case (baseline) 0.11 ED visits per participant case (Innovent) | High |
Pittman et al.[43] | Analyse the reasons why patients present to the ED and to determine what factors are associated with ED visits and hospital admissions after curative chemotherapy for breast cancer | Retrospective cohort | Single | Canada | 2011 and 2012 | 0.59 ED visits per participant case | Moderate |
Schwartzberg et al. [44] | Compare the incidence of CINV and its associated healthcare resource utilisation with NK1 receptor antagonist or non-NK1 receptor antagonist | Retrospective cohort | Population | US | Jun 2013—Dec 2013 | 0.19 ED visits per participant case | Moderate |
Tang et al. [12] | Study ED usage by early breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy in an Australian academic hospital setting, and to describe factors associated with ED presentations and hospital admissions | Retrospective cohort | Single | AUS | Jan 2014—31 Dec | 0.62 ED visits per participant case | Moderate |
Ward et al. [45] | Describe the proportion of monthly treatment costs borne by four major financing agents and identify the monthly costs for each element of health care in this cohort | Prospective cohort | Multi | AUS | Jan 2009—Oct 2010 | 0.74 ED visits per participant case | Moderate |
Baenda-Canada et al. [46] | Analyse need for extraordinary health-care attention | Prospective cohort | Single | Not specified | Jan 2007—Mar 2011 | 0.14 ED visits per participant case | High |
Livingstone et al. [47] | Assess the characteristics of unplanned ED presentations and care pathway | Retrospective cohort | Multi | AUS | Jan 2007—Dec 2007 | 0.57 ED visits per participant case | High |