Fig. 1From: Estimating risk ratio from any standard epidemiological design by doubling the casesDoubling the cases in a cohort of N subjects, where N.1 subjects are cases. The first subscript indicates the exposure status (e for exposed and \(\bar {e}\) for unexposed) and the second subscript indicates the outcome (1 for cases and 0 for non-cases). A dot (“.”) for either suffix denotes the total (i.e., no stratification on that variable)Back to article page