Table 2 Example for binary endpoints. Responses rates for binary endpoints according to the arm and the period in the presence of step-wise trends for scenarios presented in “Design” section with λ0=λ2=0.25. Here X represents the observed response rate of arm 1 in period 2, which we vary in Fig. 5. Arm 1 is assumed to have a beneficial effect in period 1, corresponding to OR1>1 (OR1=1.8)