Table 1 Characteristics of CARDIA participants at baseline (Y0, 1985–1986) and at Y15 Exam (2000–2001). Values outside parentheses denote mean, values inside parentheses denote standard deviation unless noted to be in percentage
Variable | Y0 (all participants) | Y0 | Y15 | Variable | Y0 (all participants) | Y0 | Exam Y15 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|  | (N = 5114a) | (N = 3539) | (N = 3539) |  | (N = 5114a) | (N = 3539) | (N = 3539) |
Age | 25 (3.6) | 25 (3.6) | 40 (3.6) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Sex (Male) | 2327 (46%) | 1572 (44%) | 1572 (44%) | # of times pregnant in life | 0.60 (1.2) | 0.59 (1.2) | 1.4 (1.9) |
Race | Â | Â | Â | Asthma | 219 (4%) | 141 (4%) | 204 (6%) |
Black | 2637 (52%) | 1666 (47%) | 1666 (47%) | Cancer | 141 (3%) | 106 (3%) | 115 (3%) |
White | 2477 (48%) | 1873 (53%) | 1873 (53%) | Diabetes | 43 (1%) | 22 (1%) | 198 (6%) |
Systolic blood pressure (SBP) | 110 (11) | 110 (11) | 113 (15) | Gall bladder problem | 45 (1%) | 31 (1%) | 114 (3%) |
Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) | 69 (9.6) | 69 (9.5) | 74 (11) | Kidney problem | 215 (4%) | 130 (4%) | 216 (6%) |
Use of anti-hypertensive medication | 115 (2%) | 75 (2%) | 253 (7%) | Nervous, emotional or mental disorder | 380 (7%) | 253 (7%) | 227 (6%) |
Pulse beats (in 30s) | 35 (5.5) | 34 (5.3) | 34 (5.7) | Liver problem | 54 (1%) | 39 (1%) | 48 (1%) |
Body Mass Index (BMI) | 24 (5.0) | 24 (4.9) | 29 (6.8) | Parent history of heart attack | 733 (14%) | 514 (15%) | 718 (20%) |
Waist girth (cm) | 78 (11) | 78 (11) | 89 (15) | Smoking now | 1546 (30%) | 947 (27%) | 772 (22%) |
Weight (lbs.) | 157 (36) | 157 (35) | 185 (47) | Cigarettes smoked/day | 5.5 (9.0) | 5.1 (8.7) | 2.7 (6.7) |
Arm circumference (cm) | 29 (4.7) | 29 (4.7) | 33 (5.3) | # of drinks of beer/week (12 oz/drink) | 3.0 (6.9) | 3.0 (6.9) | 2.4 (7.3) |
Education level (grades) | 14 (2.3) | 14 (2.2) | 15 (2.9) | # of shots of hard liquor/week | 1.0 (3.0) | 0.96 (2.9) | 0.94 (3.6) |
Ability to pay for the very basics | Â | Â | Â | # of drinks of wine/week (5 oz/drink) | 0.85 (2.2) | 0.85 (2.2) | 1.2 (3.6) |
Very hard | 221 (4%) | 126 (4%) | 113 (3%) | Times used marijuana in life | 2.0 (1.5) | 2.1 (1.5) | 2.2 (1.8) |
Hard | 357 (7%) | 240 (7%) | 166 (5%) | Physical activity level (self-assessed answers) | Â | Â | Â |
Somewhat hard | 1212 (24%) | 827 (23%) | 726 (21%) | 1: Inactive | 367 (7%) | 241 (7%) | 228 (6%) |
Not very hard | 3315 (65%) | 2340 (66%) | 2534 (72%) | 2 | 732 (14%) | 508 (14%) | 593 (17%) |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 177 (33) | 177 (33) | 185 (36) | 3: Moderately active | 1965 (38%) | 1363 (39%) | 1570 (44%) |
Use of cholesterol-lowering medication | 11 (0.2%) | 9 (0.3%) | 9 (0.3%) | 4 | 1088 (21%) | 795 (22%) | 617 (17%) |
HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 53 (13) | 53 (13) | 51 (14) | 5: very active | 955 (19%) | 629 (18%) | 531 (15%) |
LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 110 (31) | 110 (31) | 113 (32) | Outcomes: | Â | Â | Â |
Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 73 (48) | 73 (47) | 105 (92) | All-cause death by end of follow-up | 468 (9%) | 200 (6%) | 200 (6%) |
Fasting glucose (mg/100 ml) | 83 (16) | 82 (10) | 89 (16) | CVD event by end of follow up | 287 (6%) | 181 (5%) | 181 (5%) |