Fig. 1

Causal DAG excerpt. These are the initial nodes of the Respiratory causal DAG provided in Additional file 1. The node ‘Pulmonary capillary leakage’, for example, has three ‘parents’ that jointly influence it, and two ‘children’ it influences. In the BN, provided in [14], the variable it represents has states and a CPT that are not shown in the DAG. All the nodes are named, numbered, and color coded for ease of reference, and corresponding definitions for variables and arcs are given in the associated Dictionary, Additional file 3, an excerpt from which is provided in Fig. 2