Fig. 1

(a): Skewed non-normal distributions of Angiotensin I, Angiotensin II and Aldosterone in the study sample. The density lines were obtained using the Gaussian smoothing kernel. (b): Identification of the optimal penalty parameter λ (in log scale) for the lasso regression. Results are shown from the 8-fold cross-validation (CV). The vertical gray dashed lines represent the penalty parameter that achieved the least MSE.