Fig. 1From: Goodness-of-fit two-phase sampling designs for time-to-event outcomes: a simulation study based on New York University Women’s Health Study for breast cancerAsymptotic standard error of the estimated log HR for simulated biomarker \(\left(\widehat{\alpha }\right)\) under 5% of the event rate. Abbreviations: Standard Cox PH model (Cox); full cohort design (Full cohort); IPW based Cox PH model (IPW); GOF two-phase sampling design (Two-phase); semiparametric maximum-likelihood method (SMLE); Prentice method as unstratified approach and Borgan I method as stratified approach (Standard); standard case-cohort design (CC). Note that we describe each method under each design as method:design using the abbreviationsBack to article page