Fig. 1
From: Correction of vaccine effectiveness derived from test-negative case–control studies
The apparent (dashed lines) and corrected (solid lines) vaccine effectiveness derived from in silico test-negative case–control studies using diagnostic tests with different sensitivities and specificities. In each study 100 000 individuals were examined assuming an attack rate of 5% for SARS-CoV-2 infection in unvaccinated individuals, an attack rate of 30% for the COVID-19-like illness, and a vaccination coverage of 60%. The horizontal dash-dotted gray line represents the true vaccine effectiveness of 0.70