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Table 5 Results of linear mixed effects model for systolic blood pressure (SBP)

From: A wide range of missing imputation approaches in longitudinal data: a simulation study and real data analysis

Imputation method

\(\beta\)(SE)

MSE

RMSE

MAD

Deviance

AIC

Intercept

Age

Sex

BMI

Time

Complete cases

73.253 (1.813)

0.525 (0.027)

-4.428 (0.769)

0.920 (0.061)

-0.958 (0.117)

0.855

0.925

0.692

54066.32

54068.99

Interpolation LOCF

74.850 (0.980)

0.581 (0.014)

-3.982 (0.451)

0.843 (0.034)

-1.272 (0.061)

0.851

0.923

0.666

173646.4

173643.1

Interpolation global

74.144 (1.018)

0.581 (0.015)

-4.147 (0.479)

0.870 (0.035)

-1.303 (0.069)

0.856

0.925

0.637

180542.2

180539.8

Interpolation local

73.784 (1.057)

0.580 (0.015)

-4.075 (0.494)

0.893 (0.036)

-1.335 (0.075)

0.861

0.928

0.620

185290.3

185288.4

Interpolation bisector

74.20 (1.021)

0.581 (0.015)

-4.111 (0.480)

0.870 (0.035)

-1.315 (0.070)

0.856

0.925

0.634

180942.4

180940

copyMean.LOCF

75.411 (0.974)

0.582 (0.014)

-3.964 (0.451)

0.827 (0.034)

-1.299 (0.061)

0.851

0.923

0.667

173696.2

173693

copyMean.global

74.655 (1.019)

0.583 (0.015)

-4.139 (0.479)

0.858 (0.035)

-1.318 (0.069)

0.856

0.925

0.639

180,559.1

180,556.6

copyMean.local

74.548 (1.057)

0.578 (0.015)

-4.057 (0.493)

0.881 (0.036)

-1.406 (0.075)

0.861

0.928

0.621

185334.4

185332.5

copyMean.bisector

74.748 (1.022)

0.582 (0.015)

-4.104 (0.480)

0.859 (0.035)

-1.342 (0.070)

0.857

0.925

0.636

180985.1

180982.7

LOCF

75.168 (0.963)

0.580 (0.014)

-3.888 (0.450)

0.829 (0.033)

-1.274 (0.062)

0.851

0.923

0.667

174341.2

174338

NOCB

74.192 (0.993)

0.581 (0.014)

-4.103 (0.456)

0.872 (0.034)

-1.281 (0.062)

0.852

0.923

0.672

174379

174375.9

Traj mean

74.688 (0.977)

0.575 (0.014)

-4.105 (0.448)

0.876 (0.033)

-1.376 (0.059)

0.852

0.923

0.670

170,867.3

170863.8

Traj median

74.849 (0.976)

0.577 (0.014)

-4.141 (0.447)

0.867 (0.033)

-1.380 (0.059)

0.849

0.921

0.629

171163.8

171160.3

Traj hot deck

77.092 (0.978)

0.583 (0.014)

-3.828 (0.454)

0.767 (0.033)

-1.360 (0.062)

0.849

0.922

0.633

174543.7

174540.5

Cross mean

77.646 (0.858)

0.432 (0.011)

-3.145 (0.361)

0.974 (0.029)

-1.203 (0.060)

0.852

0.923

0.677

176339.4

176334.8

Cross median

76.462 (0.858)

0.438 (0.011)

-3.022 (0.361)

0.971 (0.029)

-1.116 (0.060)

0.869

0.932

0.692

176435.9

176431.3

Cross hot deck

86.703 (0.855)

0.453 (0.012)

-2.492 (0.386)

0.599 (0.027)

-1.220 (0.071)

0.869

0.932

0.684

185,241.9

185,238.1

FCS-LMM

74.898 (0.783)

0.586 (0.011)

-3.875 (0.372)

0.799 (0.026)

-1.075 (0.065)

0.882

0.939

0.690

180754.4

180750

FCS-LMM-het

74.898 (0.783)

0.586 (0.011)

-3.875 (0.372)

0.799 (0.026)

-1.075 (0.065)

0.875

0.936

0.692

180754.4

180750

FCS-GLMM

73.635 (0.950)

0.577 (0.013)

-4.049 (0.434)

0.864 (0.033)

-1.014 (0.062)

0.875

0.936

0.692

176091.8

176088.5

FCS-LMM-LN

74.565 (0.924)

0.579 (0.013)

-3.880 (0.439)

0.825 (0.031)

-1.010 (0.063)

0.856

0.925

0.70

176,335.7

176,332.3

FCS-LMM-LN-het

84.718 (0.767)

0.615 (0.014)

-2.947 (0.448)

0.360 (0.018)

-0.899 (0.064)

0.856

0.925

0.691

177101.9

177097.4

JointAI

77.798 (1.120)

0.579 (0.013)

-4.035 (0.437)

0.855 (0.033)

-1.005 (0.063)

0.856

0.925

0.70

176190.7

176187.4

hmi

73.052 (0.954)

0.575 (0.013)

-4.140 (0.438)

0.892 (0.033)

-1.014 (0.063)

0.855

0.925

0.699

176055.4

176052.1

JM-SMC

73.771 (0.953)

0.578 (0.013)

-4.053 (0.437)

0.858 (0.033)

-1.023 (0.063)

0.856

0.925

0.699

176103.3

176100

JM-SMC-het

73.656 (0.953)

0.578 (0.013)

-4.085 (0.437)

0.861 (0.033)

-1.009 (0.063)

0.856

0.925

0.70

176120

176116.8

JM-MLMM

73.778 (0.949)

0.582 (0.013)

-4.135 (0.435)

0.880 (0.033)

-1.250 (0.062)

0.856

0.925

0.699

175978.9

175975.6

JM-FJ

73.810 (0.950)

0.581 (0.013)

-4.159 (0.436)

0.881 (0.033)

-1.254 (0.062)

0.856

0.925

0.699

175991.3

175988