Table 1 Baseline characteristics stratified by deciles (rarest diagnoses in 1. decile)

Number of patients per group

830,114

83,720

664,236

82,158

age (median [IQR])

59.00 [40.00, 74.00]

59.00 [40.00, 74.00]

60.00 [41.00, 75.00]

56.00 [35.00, 70.00]

Age group % (freq)

 18–34

18.4 (152,415)

18.4 (15,442)

17.6 (116,880)

24.5 (20,093)

 35–49

17.1 (142,208)

17.6 (14,773)

17.1 (113,587)

16.9 (13,848)

 50–64

22.5 (186,912)

22.7 (19,016)

22.4 (148,850)

23.2 (19,046)

 65–79

25.6 (212,848)

25.5 (21,316)

25.5 (169,558)

26.7 (21,974)

 80 and older

16.4 (135,731)

15.7 (13,173)

17.4 (115,361)

8.8 (7197)

Sex = F % (freq)

56.0 (464,968)

53.2 (44,561)

56.6 (375,659)

54.5 (44,748)

Numbers of stays % (freq)

 1

75.0 (622,315)

67.0 (56,133)

74.7 (496,149)

85.2 (70,033)

 2

16.4 (136,089)

19.2 (16,089)

16.6 (110,498)

11.6 (9502)

 3

5.0 (41,779)

7.2 (6050)

5.1 (33,916)

2.2 (1813)

 4

2.0 (16,205)

3.2 (2670)

2.0 (12,996)

0.7 (539)

 >4

1.7 (13,726)

3.3 (2778)

1.6 (10,677)

0.3 (271)

Number of diagnoses per stay (median [IQR])

6.00 [3.00, 9.00]

8.00 [5.00, 12.00]

6.00 [3.00, 9.00]

3.00 [1.00, 5.00]

Insurance class % (freq)

 Mandatory insurance

75.7 (628,134)

78.2 (65,491)

75.6 (502,095)

73.7 (60,548)

 Semi-private insurance

15.0 (124,827)

13.4 (11,200)

15.1 (100,075)

16.5 (13,552)

 Private insurance

9.3 (77,153)

8.4 (7029)

9.3 (62,066)

9.8 (8058)

Swiss citizenship % (freq)

78.5 (651,955)

76.7 (64,229)

78.8 (523,293)

78.4 (64,433)

Admission from home % (freq)

90.4 (750,314)

86.0 (72,026)

90.3 (599,518)

95.9 (78,770)

Type of admission % (freq)

 Emergency

44.5 (369,162)

49.9 (41,754)

45.7 (303,403)

29.2 (24,005)

 Planned

53.7 (445,947)

47.4 (39,669)

52.5 (348,718)

70.1 (57,560)

 Other

1.8 (15,005)

2.7 (2297)

1.8 (12,115)

0.7 (593)

Hospital category admitted to % (freq)

 Tier 1 University hospital

14.5 (120,186)

25.3 (21,201)

13.9 (92,066)

8.4 (6919)

 Tier 2 Center hospital

53.3 (442,732)

48.7 (40,751)

54.2 (359,972)

51.1 (42,009)

 Tier 3 General hospital

8.6 (71,541)

6.7 (5576)

8.7 (57,687)

10.1 (8278)

 Tier 4 General hospital

10.0 (83,400)

7.0 (5849)

10.0 (66,524)

13.4 (11,027)

 Tier 5 General hospital

1.3 (10,777)

1.1 (926)

1.3 (8848)

1.2 (1003)

 Other speciality

1.7 (14,433)

2.3 (1939)

1.7 (11,338)

1.4 (1156)

 Rehabilitation clinic

3.3 (27,634)

5.3 (4401)

3.2 (21,289)

2.4 (1944)

 Surgical clinic

7.2 (59,411)

3.7 (3077)

7.0 (46,512)

12.0 (9822)

Discharged to % (freq)

 Deceased

2.0 (16,921)

3.8 (3206)

2.0 (13,575)

0.2 (140)

 Home

86.1 (715,099)

78.9 (66,050)

86.0 (571,359)

94.6 (77,690)

 Nursing Home

2.8 (22,924)

3.5 (2942)

2.9 (19,570)

0.5 (412)

 Retirement Home

1.6 (13,181)

1.9 (1566)

1.7 (11,357)

0.3 (258)

 Psychiatry

1.3 (10,438)

3.0 (2547)

1.2 (7680)

0.3 (211)

 Rehabilitation

3.4 (28,142)

4.9 (4073)

3.3 (22,050)

2.5 (2019)

 Acute Hospital

2.2 (18,524)

3.1 (2567)

2.2 (14,871)

1.3 (1086)

 Other

0.6 (4885)

0.9 (769)

0.6 (3774)

0.4 (342)

Number of RD (mean (SD))

0.08 (0.29)

0.23 (0.50)

0.07 (0.27)

0.00 (0.00)

Has a RD % (freq)

7.2 (59,861)

19.6 (16,441)

6.5 (43,420)

0.0 (0)

Outcomes

Died in hospital % (freq)

2.0 (16,921)

3.8 (3206)

2.0 (13,575)

0.2 (140)

LOS (median [IQR])

4.00 [3.00, 7.00]

6.00 [3.00, 11.00]

4.00 [3.00, 7.00]

4.00 [3.00, 6.00]

30-day Readmission % (freq)

3.9 (32,698)

6.1 (5082)

4.0 (26,354)

1.5 (1262)

Stayed in ICU % (freq)

5.2 (43,171)

10.5 (8811)

5.0 (32,943)

1.7 (1417)

Of those in ICU (N = 43‘171)

 Hours in ICU (median [IQR])

25.00 [18.00, 55.00]

38.00 [20.00, 90.00]

25.00 [18.00, 49.00]

21.00 [15.00, 26.00]