Fig. 1
From: Using public clinical trial reports to probe non-experimental causal inference methods
a Distribution function of drug versus drug adverse event odds ratios in TrialProbe. \(\widehat{G}\) is estimated via nonparametric maximum likelihood as in (4), while the dashed curve is the empirical distribution of sample odds ratios. b Denoised vs. raw odds ratios. Denoising (5) is done by computing the posterior mean of the log odds ratio given the data for the i-th comparison and the estimated \(\widehat{G}\)