Table 2 Example TrialProbe analysis. The rows correspond to the same 10 comparisons as the rows of Table 1 and the first 3 columns are identical. The last 3 columns correspond to each of the three non-experimental strategies considered and show the p-value returned from each method for each comparison, as well as the direction of the effect. Cells demarcated by green correspond to significant effects with detected directions that are concordant with the RCT result, while red denotes a discordant significant effect

From: Using public clinical trial reports to probe non-experimental causal inference methods