Table 6 Rate certainty using GRADE approach
Increasing the certainty (Rate up) | Decreasing the certainty (Rate down) |
|---|---|
• Large effect (e.g.– RR > 5) • Presence of large dose–response gradient • Opposing evidence for confounding factors (e.g. no effect showed when confounders likely to increase effect) | • Risk of bias domains- for each study and overall using RoB (2.0) tool • Inconsistency- Q test, I2 statistics and visual inspection of forest plot are used • Indirectness – Whether each study answers the review question • Imprecision- Based on information/sample size and confidence interval in overall study • Publication bias – Could use funnel plot to diagnose |