Fig. 7
From: Adaptive designs in critical care trials: a simulation study
Cumulative probability of stopping for efficacy (P(E)) or futility (P(F)) at each stage under the alternative scenario for the ADRENAL trial. Panels a, b, c and d show the cumulative probability of stopping for efficacy (P(E)) in percentage at each stage and panels e, f, g and h show the cumulative probability of stopping for futility (P(F)) in percentage at each stage under the alternative scenario for the ADRENAL trial using various designs with different adaptive methods (red: Haybittle-Peto, brown: Hwang-Shih-DeCani, green: O’Brien-Fleming, blue: Posterior probability approach, purple: Predictive probability approach). The reference levels at 95% for the P(E) and 5% for the P(F) under the alternative scenario are shown in dashed lines