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Table 1 Overview of the models used to create predictions

From: Comparing methods to predict baseline mortality for excess mortality calculations

Name

Model

Average

\({Y}_{t} \sim NegBin\left({\mu }_{t},\theta \right)\)

\(\mathrm{log}\left({\mu }_{t}\right)= {\beta }_{0}+{f}_{cc}\left(w\left[t\right]\right)\)

Linear

\({Y}_{t} \sim NegBin\left({\mu }_{t},\theta \right)\)

\(\mathrm{log}\left({\mu }_{t}\right)= {\beta }_{0}+{\beta }_{1}t+{f}_{cc}\left(w\left[t\right]\right)\)

WHO

\({Y}_{t} \sim NegBin\left({\mu }_{t},\theta \right)\)

\(\mathrm{log}\left({\mu }_{t}\right)= {f}_{tp}\left(t\right)+{f}_{cc}\left(w\left[t\right]\right)\)

Acosta–Irizarry

\({Y}_{t} \sim QuasiPoi\left({\mu }_{t}\right)\)

\(\mathrm{log}\left({\mu }_{t}\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{c} {\beta }_{0}+{f}_{nc}\left(t\right)+{\sum }_{k=1}^{2}\left[\mathrm{sin}\left(2\pi \cdot k\cdot w\left[t\right]\right)+\mathrm{cos}\left(2\pi \cdot k\cdot w\left[t\right]\right)\right]*\\ {\beta }_{0}+{\beta }_{1}t+{\sum }_{k=1}^{2}\left[\mathrm{sin}\left(2\pi \cdot k\cdot w\left[t\right]\right)+\mathrm{cos}\left(2\pi \cdot k\cdot w\left[t\right]\right)\right]**\end{array}\right.\)  

  1. cc cyclic cubic regression spline, tp thin plate regression spline, nc natural cubic spline, *: > 7 years training data, **: ≤ 7 years training data, w[t]: week of the year scaled to 0–1