Table 3 Risk factors associated with Class C (persistent BV) compared to Class A (normal) using Multinomial Logistic GEE Regression

Nugent score at start of interval (\(BV_{0}\))

Every unit increase in Nugent score

1.68

[1.56,1.80]

<0.0001

Indicator Variables

HIV/AIDS status

HIV+ with no symptoms vs. HIV-

1.69

[0.53,5.38]

0.38

HIV+ with symptoms vs. HIV-

0.73

[0.22,2.43]

0.61

Age at baseline

\((\ge 20, <25)\) vs. \(<20\)

0.41

[0.17,1.01]

0.05

\((\ge 25, < 30)\) vs. \(<20\)

0.47

[0.21,1.09]

0.08

\(\ge 30\) vs. \(<20\)

0.52

[0.23,1.18]

0.12

Genital ulcer in past six months

yes vs. no

0.51

[0.16,1.66]

0.27

Pregnancy test o

pregnant vs. not pregnant

1.33

[0.65,2.72]

0.44

Source of bathing water

partially protected vs. protected

1.28

[0.57,2.91]

0.54

unprotected vs. protected

2.08

[0.95, 4.56]

0.07

Current family planning use

birth control pills vs. none

0.81

[0.27,2.40]

0.70

Injectable/Norplant vs. none

1.76

[0.95,3.24]

0.07

Sexual frequency

< median vs. no sex

1.29

[0.59,2.82]

0.53

> median vs. no sex

1.19

[0.52,2.76]

0.68

Condom use

inconsistent vs. always use or no sex

1.53

[0.80, 2.91]

0.20

never used vs. always use or no sex

1.31

[0.46, 3.73]

0.61

Partner’s circumcision status

circumcised vs. not

0.62

[0.37,1.04]

0.07