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Table 3 Results of simulation studies

From: Functional principal component analysis and sparse-group LASSO to identify associations between biomarker trajectories and mortality among hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals

 

Scenario 1

Scenario 2

Scenario 3

Scenario 4

 

TPR

FPR

TPR

FPR

TPR

FPR

A. Model 1 (LME with a linear time trend)

   A.1 Using baseline measures

     Group 1

        Biomarker 1

100.0%

N/A

N/A

10.0%

100.0%

14.0%

        Biomarker 2

100.0%

N/A

N/A

10.0%

100.0%

14.5%

     Group 2

        Biomarker 3

N/A

6.5%

100.0%

N/A

100.0%

15.0%

        Biomarker 4

N/A

6.5%

100.0%

N/A

100.0%

16.0%

   A.2 Using peak measures

     Group 1

        Biomarker 1

100.0%

N/A

N/A

5.0%

100.0%

18.0%

        Biomarker 2

100.0%

N/A

N/A

5.0%

100.0%

17.5%

     Group 2

        Biomarker 3

N/A

12.0%

100.0%

N/A

100.0%

17.0%

        Biomarker 4

N/A

12.0%

100.0%

N/A

100.0%

17.0%

   A.3 Using FPC scores

     Group 1

        Biomarker 1 FPC1

100.0%

N/A

N/A

0.0%

100.0%

9.0%

        Biomarker 1 FPC2

94.0%

N/A

N/A

0.0%

92.0%

9.0%

        Biomarker 1 FPC3

90.5%

N/A

N/A

0.0%

92.5%

9.0%

        Biomarker 2 FPC1

100.0%

N/A

N/A

0.0%

100.0%

8.5%

        Biomarker 2 FPC2

93.5%

N/A

N/A

0.0%

93.5%

9.0%

        Biomarker 2 FPC3

90.5%

N/A

N/A

0.0%

88.0%

9.0%

     Group 2

        Biomarker 3 FPC1

N/A

3.5%

100.0%

N/A

100.0%

5.5%

        Biomarker 3 FPC2

N/A

3.0%

92.5%

N/A

91.5%

5.5%

        Biomarker 3 FPC3

N/A

3.5%

91.0%

N/A

93.0%

5.5%

        Biomarker 4 FPC1

N/A

3.5%

100.0%

N/A

100.0%

5.5%

        Biomarker 4 FPC2

N/A

3.5%

89.5%

N/A

93.0%

5.5%

        Biomarker 4 FPC3

N/A

3.5%

91.5%

N/A

87.0%

5.5%

B. Model 2 (LME with a quadratic term for time)

   B.1 Using baseline measures

     Group 1

        Biomarker 1

100.0%

N/A

N/A

21.0%

99.0%

15.5%

        Biomarker 2

100.0%

N/A

N/A

21.0%

99.0%

15.5%

     Group 2

        Biomarker 3

N/A

18.0%

100.0%

N/A

100.0%

17.0%

        Biomarker 4

N/A

18.0%

100.0%

N/A

100.0%

17.5%

   B.2 Using peak measures

     Group 1

        Biomarker 1

100.0%

N/A

N/A

22.0%

98.0%

14.0%

        Biomarker 2

100.0%

N/A

N/A

22.0%

98.0%

13.5%

     Group 2

        Biomarker 3

N/A

17.0%

100.0%

N/A

100.0%

17.5%

        Biomarker 4

N/A

17.0%

100.0%

N/A

100.0%

18.0%

   B.3 Using FPC scores

     Group 1

        Biomarker 1 FPC1

100.0%

N/A

N/A

0.0%

98.5%

12.0%

        Biomarker 1 FPC2

98.0%

N/A

N/A

0.0%

95.0%

12.0%

        Biomarker 1 FPC3

90.0%

N/A

N/A

0.0%

87.5%

11.5%

        Biomarker 2 FPC1

100.0%

N/A

N/A

0.0%

98.5%

12.0%

        Biomarker 2 FPC2

96.0%

N/A

N/A

0.0%

89.5%

12.0%

        Biomarker 2 FPC3

87.5%

N/A

N/A

0.0%

87.0%

11.5%

     Group 2

        Biomarker 3 FPC1

N/A

0.5%

100.0%

N/A

100.0%

10.5%

        Biomarker 3 FPC2

N/A

0.5%

97.0%

N/A

95.0%

10.5%

        Biomarker 3 FPC3

N/A

0.5%

90.0%

N/A

90.0%

10.5%

        Biomarker 4 FPC1

N/A

0.5%

100.0%

N/A

100.0%

10.5%

        Biomarker 4 FPC2

N/A

0.5%

97.0%

N/A

90.5%

10.0%

        Biomarker 4 FPC3

N/A

0.5%

89.0%

N/A

92.5%

10.5%

C. Model 3 (LME with a 3-knot spline function for time)

   C.1 Using baseline measures

     Group 1

        Biomarker 1

100.0%

N/A

N/A

5.5%

98.5%

16.5%

        Biomarker 2

100.0%

N/A

N/A

5.5%

98.5%

17.5%

     Group 2

        Biomarker 3

N/A

5.5%

100.0%

N/A

100.0%

16.0%

        Biomarker 4

N/A

5.5%

100.0%

N/A

100.0%

16.0%

   C.2 Using peak measures

     Group 1

        Biomarker 1

100.0%

N/A

N/A

5.0%

99.5%

41.5%

        Biomarker 2

100.0%

N/A

N/A

5.0%

99.5%

40.5%

     Group 2

        Biomarker 3

N/A

10.0%

100.0%

N/A

100.0%

40.5%

        Biomarker 4

N/A

10.0%

100.0%

N/A

100.0%

40.5%

   C.3 Using FPC scores

     Group 1

        Biomarker 1 FPC1

100.0%

N/A

N/A

0.0%

99.0%

9.0%

        Biomarker 1 FPC2

95.0%

N/A

N/A

0.0%

89.5%

8.5%

        Biomarker 1 FPC3

91.0%

N/A

N/A

0.0%

89.0%

8.5%

        Biomarker 2 FPC1

100.0%

N/A

N/A

0.0%

99.0%

8.5%

        Biomarker 2 FPC2

94.0%

N/A

N/A

0.0%

93.5%

8.5%

        Biomarker 2 FPC3

95.5%

N/A

N/A

0.0%

90.5%

8.5%

     Group 2

        Biomarker 3 FPC1

N/A

3.5%

100.0%

N/A

100.0%

8.0%

        Biomarker 3 FPC2

N/A

4.0%

94.5%

N/A

93.5%

8.0%

        Biomarker 3 FPC3

N/A

4.0%

88.5%

N/A

88.5%

8.0%

        Biomarker 4 FPC1

N/A

4.0%

100.0%

N/A

100.0%

8.0%

        Biomarker 4 FPC2

N/A

4.0%

96.5%

N/A

92.5%

7.5%

        Biomarker 4 FPC3

N/A

4.0%

88.0%

N/A

88.5%

7.5%

  1. True positive rate (TPR) calculated as the proportion of simulations where truly non-zero coefficients were selected, or false positive rate (FPR) calculated as the proportion of simulations where truly zero coefficients were selected
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BMC Medical Research Methodology

ISSN: 1471-2288

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