Fig. 4
Top panels: mean sample sizes and inter-quartile range, as determined using the observational studies with smaller residual error variance; 5-year (left) and 3-year (right) trial. Bottom panel: sample sizes determined using mean covariance parameters estimated in the 5000 observational studies (or the true data generation parameters for steady decline trajectory) for a range of trial lengths. Note that the lines for late and early decline lie directly on top of each other