Table 3 Top 20 most frequent lower level study designs in an epidemiological criminology PubMed abstract data sample (n = 13,671) from 1963 to 2023. Note: A study design can have more than one attribute
Lower level study design | High level study design | Number of PubMed abstracts | % |
|---|---|---|---|
Systematic | Review | 1432 | 10.5 |
Randomised controlled | Trial | 1136 | 8.3 |
Case report | Observational | 806 | 5.9 |
Cross sectional | Observational | 634 | 4.6 |
Cohort | Observational | 626 | 4.6 |
Randomised | Trial | 611 | 4.5 |
Scoping | Review | 202 | 1.5 |
Descriptive | Observational | 157 | 1.1 |
Case control | Observational | 123 | 0.9 |
Controlled | Trial | 79 | 0.6 |
Survey | Observational | 71 | 0.5 |
Cluster randomised controlled | Trial | 60 | 0.4 |
Quasi experimental | Observational | 52 | 0.4 |
Cluster randomised | Trial | 47 | 0.3 |
Meta-analytic | Review | 31 | 0.2 |
Nonrandomised controlled | Trial | 23 | 0.2 |
Systematic scoping | Review | 21 | 0.2 |
Cross sectional descriptive | Observational | 18 | 0.1 |
Ecological | Observational | 13 | 0.1 |
Nonrandomised | Trial | 12 | 0.1 |