Table 4 Top ten most commonly used attributes to describe trial designs (n = 439) and observational research (n = 2274) in a sample of PubMed epidemiological criminology abstracts from 1963 to 2023
Trial attributes | Frequency | % | Observational attributes | Frequency | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Double blind | 149 | 49.9 | Retrospective | 974 | 42.8 |
Pilot | 89 | 20.3 | Comparison | 712 | 31.3 |
Phase II | 55 | 12.5 | Prospective | 633 | 27.8 |
Single Blind | 49 | 11.2 | Qualitative | 170 | 7.5 |
Phase III | 49 | 11.2 | Case series | 154 | 6.8 |
Phase I | 30 | 6.8 | Population based | 76 | 3.3 |
Cost effectiveness | 25 | 5.7 | Follow up | 75 | 3.3 |
Feasibility | 17 | 3.9 | Exploratory | 64 | 2.8 |
Two arm | 16 | 3.6 | Quantitative | 48 | 2.1 |
Superiority | 11 | 2.5 | Nested | 14 | 0.6 |
Non inferiority | 11 | 2.5 | Survival | 13 | 0.6 |
Efficacy | 8 | 1.8 | Time series | 7 | 0.3 |
Equivalence | 3 | 0.7 | Interrupted time series | 7 | 0.3 |
Phase 4 | 3 | 0.7 | Natural experiment | 6 | 0.3 |
Triple blind | 1 | 0.2 | Serial | 4 | 0.2 |
Propensity matches | 1 | < 0.1 |