|  | Study | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall | IL | KY | NC | NE | OH | OR | WI | |
N | 2,842 | 166 | 338 | 350 | 589 | 252 | 174 | 973 |
Age, median (IQR) | 34 (28-42) | 40 (31-47) | 35 (29-41) | 32 (27-42) | 34 (28-42) | 38 (32-47) | 36 (29-45) | 33 (27-40) |
Female | 1,212 (43%) | 70 (42%) | 144 (43%) | 168 (48%) | 243 (41%) | 127 (50%) | 75 (43%) | 385 (40%) |
Race/Ethnicity | ||||||||
 White | 2,346 (83%) | 141 (85%) | 330 (98%) | 237 (68%) | 523 (89%) | 222 (88%) | 135 (78%) | 758 (78%) |
 Black or African American | 80 (3%) | 17 (10%) | 2 (<1%) | 5 (1%) | 6 (1%) | 13 (5%) | 3 (2%) | 34 (3%) |
 Native American | 206 (7%) | 3 (2%) | 1 (<1%) | 77 (22%) | 9 (2%) | 5 (2%) | 9 (5%) | 102 (10%) |
 Other/Unknown | 96 (3%) | 3 (2%) | 4 (1%) | 12 (3%) | 23 (4%) | 7 (3%) | 11 (6%) | 36 (4%) |
 Hispanica | 114 (4%) | 2 (1%) | 1 (<1%) | 19 (5%) | 28 (5%) | 5 (2%) | 16 (9%) | 43 (4%) |
Experienced homelessnessb | 1,519 (53%) | 80 (48%) | 123 (36%) | 151 (43%) | 332 (56%) | 127 (50%) | 119 (68%) | 587 (60%) |
Preferred drug for getting high | ||||||||
 Opioidsc | 1,533 (54%) | 80 (48%) | 206 (61%) | 171 (49%) | 452 (77%) | 179 (71%) | 78 (45%) | 367 (38%) |
  Heroin^ | 1,079 (38%) | 33 (20%) | 103 (30%) | 106 (30%) | 351 (60%) | 120 (48%) | 69 (40%) | 297 (31%) |
  Street fentanyl/carfentanil^ | 62 (2%) | 2 (1%) | 1 (<1%) | 11 (3%) | 23 (4%) | 21 (8%) | 0 | 4 (<1%) |
  Prescription opioids^ | 255 (9%) | 31 (19%) | 63 (19%) | 44 (13%) | 44 (7%) | 29 (12%) | 8 (5%) | 36 (4%) |
  Buprenorphine^ | 79 (3%) | 5 (3%) | 36 (11%) | 4 (1%) | 25 (4%) | 8 (3%) | 1 (1%) | 0 |
  Methadone^ | 40 (1%) | 9 (5%) | 3 (1%) | 6 (2%) | 7 (1%) | 1 (<1%) | 0 | 14 (1%) |
 Methamphetamine | 1,016 (36%) | 68 (41%) | 108 (32%) | 158 (45%) | 23 (4%) | 59 (23%) | 91 (52%) | 509 (52%) |
 Cocaine/crack | 163 (6%) | 12 (7%) | 7 (2%) | 14 (4%) | 95 (16%) | 8 (3%) | 1 (1%) | 26 (3%) |
 Benzodiazepines | 39 (1%) | 4 (2%) | 6 (2%) | 5 (1%) | 4 (1%) | 1 (<1%) | 1 (1%) | 18 (2%) |
 Other | 76 (3%) | 2 (1%) | 11 (3%) | 2 (1%) | 15 (3%) | 5 (2%) | 3 (2%) | 38 (4%) |
Drugs used in past 30 days | ||||||||
 Opioidsc | 2,437 (86%) | 139 (84%) | 299 (88%) | 298 (85%) | 587 (99%) | 235 (93%) | 133 (76%) | 746 (77%) |
  Heroin^ | 1,963 (69%) | 78 (47%) | 230 (68%) | 230 (66%) | 531 (90%) | 187 (78%) | 105 (60%) | 592 (61%) |
  Street fentanyl/carfentanil^ | 1,020 (36%) | 42 (25%) | 95 (28%) | 160 (46%) | 370 (63%) | 150 (60%) | 19 (11%) | 184 (19%) |
  Prescription opioids^ | 1,615 (57%) | 113 (68%) | 211 (62%) | 224 (64%) | 339 (58%) | 129 (51%) | 67 (39%) | 532 (55%) |
  Buprenorphine^ | 1,124 (40%) | 79 (48%) | 197 (58%) | 142 (41%) | 304 (52%) | 113 (45%) | 18 (10%) | 271 (28%) |
  Methadone^ | 621 (22%) | 29 (17%) | 51 (15%) | 60 (17%) | 171 (29%) | 34 (13%) | 27 (16%) | 249 (26%) |
 Methamphetamine | 2,148 (76%) | 132 (80%) | 265 (78%) | 325 (93%) | 203 (34%) | 199 (79%) | 168 (97%) | 856 (88%) |
 Cocaine/crack | 1,224 (43%) | 76 (46%) | 74 (22%) | 82 (23%) | 451 (77%) | 103 (41%) | 14 (8%) | 424 (44%) |
 Benzodiazepines | 1,325 (47%) | 102 (61%) | 147 (43%) | 177 (51%) | 300 (51%) | 122 (48%) | 47 (27%) | 430 (44%) |
 Other | 985 (35%) | 49 (30%) | 165 (49%) | 77 (22%) | 270 (46%) | 123 (49%) | 26 (15%) | 275 (28%) |
 Multiple classes of drugs usedd | 2,404 (85%) | 142 (86%) | 294 (87%) | 299 (85%) | 517 (88%) | 224 (89%) | 137 (79%) | 791 (81%) |
Ever injected drugse | 2,610 (92%) | 137 (83%) | 290 (86%) | 330 (94%) | 499 (85%) | 220 (87%) | 161 (93%) | 973 (100%) |
Injection drug use in past 30 dayse | 2,420 (85%) | 121 (73%) | 245 (72%) | 299 (85%) | 431 (73%) | 200 (79%) | 153 (88%) | 971 (>99%) |
HCV positive antibody statusf | 1,353 (52%) | 66 (45%) | 208 (62%) | 144 (68%) | 325 (59%) | 170 (72%) | 86 (54%) | 354 (36%) |