Table 1 Description of all studies included

Study type (n (%))

 Drug

18 (19%)

9 (31%)

9 (14%)

 Biological

12 (13%)

0 (0%)

12 (19%)

 Behavioral

4 (4%)

1 (3%)

3 (5%)

 Device

20 (22%)

8 (28%)

12 (19%)

 Diagnostic test

6 (7%)

1 (3%)

5 (8%)

 Dietary supplement

3 (3%)

2 (7%)

1 (2%)

 Procedure

22 (24%)

7 (24%)

15 (23%)

 Other

8 (9%)

1 (3%)

7 (11%)

Research Domain (n (%))

 Anesthesia, resuscitation

12 (13%)

4 (6%)

8 (28%)

 Biology and physiology

6 (6%)

4 (6%)

2 (7%)

 Clinical Investigation

3 (3%)

1 (2%)

2 (7%)

 Clinical Pharmacology

2 (2%)

2 (3%)

0 0%)

 Emergency Departments

2 (2%)

2 (3%)

0 (0%)

 Medical Specialties

30 (32%)

23 (36%)

7 (25%)

 Neurology

6 (6%)

4 (6%)

2 (7%)

 Odontology

1 (1%)

1 (2%)

0 (0%)

 Pediatrics

5 (5%)

4 (6%)

1 (3%)

 Pneumonology

3 (3%)

1 (2%)

2 (7%)

 Psychiatry

4 (4%)

1 (2%)

3 (10%)

 Public health

4 (4%)

4 (6%)

0 (0%)

 Radiology

6 (6%)

6 (9%)

0 (0%)

 Surgery

9 (10%)

7 (11%)

2 (7%)

Completion year

(median [IQR])

2018 [2015; 2019]

2018 [2015; 2019]

2017 [2015; 2019]

Trial sample size

(median [IQR])

50 [25; 120]

80 [33; 140]

49 [25; 114]

Total budget (Euros)

median [IQR]

38834 [19591; 95260]

88131 [37349; 331250]

34805 [11043; 57363]

Study outcome (n (%))

 Positive

50 (54%)

12 (41%)

38 (59%)

 Negative

30 (32%)

13 (45%)

17 (27%)

 Unknown

13 (14%)

4 (14%)

9 (14%)