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  1. In Sub-Sahara Africa, malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum is the main cause of ill health. Evaluation of malaria interventions, such as drugs and vaccines depends on clinical definition of the disease, which is ...

    Authors: Bruno P Mmbando, John P Lusingu, Lasse S Vestergaard, Martha M Lemnge, Thor G Theander and Thomas H Scheike
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2009 9:75
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Diagnostic images are often assessed for clinical outcomes using subjective methods, which are limited by the skill of the reviewer. Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) algorithms that assist reviewers in their dec...

    Authors: Alison G Abraham, Donald D Duncan, Stephen J Gange and Sheila West
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2009 9:74
    Content type: Technical advance Published on:

  3. Bivariate random effects meta-analysis of diagnostic tests is becoming a well established approach when studies present one two-by-two table or one pair of sensitivity and specificity. When studies present mul...

    Authors: Taye H Hamza, Lidia R Arends, Hans C van Houwelingen and Theo Stijnen
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2009 9:73
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Clinical trial and epidemiological studies need high quality biospecimens from a representative sample of participants to investigate genetic influences on treatment response and disease. Obtaining blood biosp...

    Authors: Denise M Nishita, Lisa M Jack, Mary McElroy, Jennifer B McClure, Julie Richards, Gary E Swan and Andrew W Bergen
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2009 9:71
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Selecting patient cohorts is a critical, iterative, and often time-consuming aspect of studies involving human subjects; informatics tools for helping streamline the process have been identified as important i...

    Authors: Vikrant G Deshmukh, Stéphane M Meystre and Joyce A Mitchell
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2009 9:70
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Meeting recruitment goals is challenging for many clinical trials conducted in primary care populations. Little is known about how the use of different recruitment strategies affects the types of individuals c...

    Authors: Karen J Sherman, Rene J Hawkes, Laura Ichikawa, Daniel C Cherkin, Richard A Deyo, Andrew L Avins and Partap S Khalsa
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2009 9:69
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Over the past two decades, there has been a substantial growth in the body of literature on frailty in older persons. However, there is no consensus on its definition or the criteria used to identify frailty. ...

    Authors: Sathya Karunananthan, Christina Wolfson, Howard Bergman, François Béland and David B Hogan
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2009 9:68
    Content type: Correspondence Published on:

  9. Quantitative survey of research articles, as an application of bibliometrics, is an effective tool for grasping overall trends in various medical research fields. This type of survey has been also applied to i...

    Authors: Hiromi Takahashi-Omoe, Katsuhiko Omoe and Nobuhiko Okabe
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2009 9:67
    Content type: Technical advance Published on:

  10. Due to early colonoscopy for some participants, interval-censored observations can be introduced into the data of a colorectal polyp prevention trial. The censoring could be dependent of risk of recurrence if ...

    Authors: Chiu-Hsieh Hsu, Qi Long and David S Alberts
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2009 9:66
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Recruiting to primary care studies is complex. With the current drive to increase numbers of patients involved in primary care studies, we need to know more about successful recruitment approaches. There is li...

    Authors: Jane V Dyas, Tanefa Apekey, Michelle Tilling and A Niroshan Siriwardena
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2009 9:65
    Content type: Correspondence Published on:

  12. Multiple regression models are used in a wide range of scientific disciplines and automated model selection procedures are frequently used to identify independent predictors. However, determination of relative...

    Authors: Joseph Beyene, Eshetu G Atenafu, Jemila S Hamid, Teresa To and Lillian Sung
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2009 9:64
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Epidemiological and clinical studies, often including anthropometric measures, have established obesity as a major risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes. Appropriate cut-off values for anthropomet...

    Authors: Jens Klotsche, Dietmar Ferger, Lars Pieper, Jürgen Rehm and Hans-Ulrich Wittchen
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2009 9:63
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Accurate estimates of incidence and prevalence of the disease is a vital step toward appropriate interventions for chronic disease like diabetes. A growing body of scientific literature is now available on pro...

    Authors: Shabnam Asghari, Josiane Courteau, André C Carpentier and Alain Vanasse
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2009 9:62
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. This article describes the challenges a research team experienced recruiting physicians within a randomised controlled trial about leg ulcer care that seeks to foster the cooperation between the medical and nu...

    Authors: Oliver R Herber, Wilfried Schnepp and Monika A Rieger
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2009 9:61
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Aboriginal Australians experience poorer outcomes, and are 2.5 times more likely to die from cancer than non-Aboriginal people, even after adjustment for stage of diagnosis, cancer treatment and comorbidities....

    Authors: Shaouli Shahid, Dawn Bessarab, Peter Howat and Sandra C Thompson
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2009 9:60
    Content type: Correspondence Published on:

  18. Accurate measures of physical activity are highly needed. We evaluated the test-retest reliability and construct validity of the self-report Activity Questionnaire for Adults and Adolescents (AQuAA). The AQuAA...

    Authors: Mai JM Chinapaw, Sander M Slootmaker, Albertine J Schuit, Mariska van Zuidam and Willem van Mechelen
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2009 9:58
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Multiple imputation (MI) provides an effective approach to handle missing covariate data within prognostic modelling studies, as it can properly account for the missing data uncertainty. The multiply imputed d...

    Authors: Andrea Marshall, Douglas G Altman, Roger L Holder and Patrick Royston
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2009 9:57
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Innovations to be deployed during consultations with patients may influence the clinical performance of the medical practitioner. This study examined the impact on General Practitioners' (GPs) consultation per...

    Authors: Moyez Jiwa, Robert K McKinley, Katrina Spilsbury, Hayley Arnet and Marthe Smith
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2009 9:54
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Rankings based on outcome are often used to present health care provider performance. These rankings do however not reflect that part of the variation in outcome between providers is caused by natural variatio...

    Authors: Hester F Lingsma, Marinus JC Eijkemans and Ewout W Steyerberg
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2009 9:53
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Community-based recruitment is challenging particularly if the sampling frame is not easily defined as in the case of people who drink rainwater. Strategies for contacting participants must be carefully consid...

    Authors: Shelly Rodrigo, Martha Sinclair, David Cunliffe and Karin Leder
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2009 9:51
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Observational outcome studies of patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) require adjustment for co-morbidity to produce valid results. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the combination of admin...

    Authors: Paul E Ronksley, Willis H Tsai, Hude Quan, Peter Faris and Brenda R Hemmelgarn
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2009 9:50
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Linking population health data to pathology data is a new approach for the evaluation of predictive tests that is potentially more efficient, feasible and efficacious than current methods. Studies evaluating t...

    Authors: Samantha J Lain, Charles S Algert, Vitomir Tasevski, Jonathan M Morris and Christine L Roberts
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2009 9:48
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Response rates in surveys have been falling over the last 20 years, leading to the need for novel approaches to enhance recruitment. This study describes strategies used to maximise recruitment to a home inter...

    Authors: Kirsty Kiezebrink, Iain K Crombie, Linda Irvine, Vivien Swanson, Kevin Power, Wendy L Wrieden and Peter W Slane
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2009 9:46
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Self-reported data are a common source of information about drug exposure. Modes of data collection differ considerably and the questionnaire's structure may affect prevalence estimates. We compared the recall...

    Authors: Helena Gama, Sofia Correia and Nuno Lunet
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2009 9:45
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Lower-than-expected incidence of HIV undermines sample size calculations and compromises the power of a HIV prevention trial. We evaluated the effectiveness of interim monitoring of HIV infection rates and on-...

    Authors: Vera Halpern, Orikomaba Obunge, Folasade Ogunsola, Sakiru Otusanya, John Umo-Otong, Chin-Hua Wang and Neha Mehta
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2009 9:44
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. The timing of prophylactic antibiotic administration is a patient safety outcome that is recurrently tracked and reported. The interpretation of these data has important implications for patient safety practic...

    Authors: Carrie Cartmill, Lorelei Lingard, Glenn Regehr, Sherry Espin, John Bohnen, Ross Baker and Lorne Rotstein
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2009 9:43
    Content type: Correspondence Published on:

  34. Studies of cancer incidence and early management will increasingly draw on routine electronic patient records. However, data may be incomplete or inaccurate. We developed a generalisable strategy for investiga...

    Authors: A Rosemary Tate, Alexander GR Martin, Tarita Murray-Thomas, Sarah R Anderson and Jackie A Cassell
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2009 9:42
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Assumptions underlying placebo controlled trials include that the placebo effect impacts on all study arms equally, and that treatment effects are additional to the placebo effect. However, these assumptions h...

    Authors: M Diana van Die, Kerry M Bone, Henry G Burger and Helena J Teede
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2009 9:41
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Recruitment and retention of patients and healthcare providers in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) is important in order to determine the effectiveness of interventions. However, failure to achieve recruitm...

    Authors: Claire S Leathem, Margaret E Cupples, Mary C Byrne, Mary O'Malley, Ailish Houlihan, Andrew W Murphy and Susan M Smith
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2009 9:40
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. In a multicenter trial, responses for subjects belonging to a common center are correlated. Such a clustering is usually assessed through the design effect, defined as a ratio of two variances. The aim of this...

    Authors: Emilie Vierron and Bruno Giraudeau
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2009 9:39
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. The gathering of feedback on doctors from patients after consultations is an important part of patient involvement and participation. This study first assesses the 23-item Patient Feedback Questionnaire (PFQ) ...

    Authors: Tsair-Wei Chien, Weng-Chung Wang, Sho-Be Lin, Ching-Yih Lin, How-Ran Guo and Shih-Bin Su
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2009 9:38
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Cluster randomized trials (CRTs) are increasingly used to assess the effectiveness of interventions to improve health outcomes or prevent diseases. However, the efficiency and consistency of using different an...

    Authors: Jinhui Ma, Lehana Thabane, Janusz Kaczorowski, Larry Chambers, Lisa Dolovich, Tina Karwalajtys and Cheryl Levitt
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2009 9:37
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. In the last decade mobile telephone use has become more widespread among children. Concerns expressed about possible health risks have led to epidemiological studies investigating adverse health outcomes assoc...

    Authors: Imo Inyang, Geza Benke, Joseph Morrissey, Ray McKenzie and Michael Abramson
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2009 9:36
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Reporting numbers needed to treat (NNT) improves interpretability of trial results. It is unusual that continuous outcomes are converted to numbers of individual responders to treatment (i.e., those who reach ...

    Authors: Robert Froud, Sandra Eldridge, Ranjit Lall and Martin Underwood
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2009 9:35
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. In 1999 a four-level hierarchy of evidence was promoted by the National Health and Medical Research Council in Australia. The primary purpose of this hierarchy was to assist with clinical practice guideline de...

    Authors: Tracy Merlin, Adele Weston and Rebecca Tooher
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2009 9:34
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. It is often desirable to observe how a disease progresses over time in individual patients, rather than graphing group averages; and since multiple outcomes are typically recorded on each patient, it would be ...

    Authors: Stanley E Lazic, Sarah L Mason, Andrew W Michell and Roger A Barker
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2009 9:32
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Discrete choice experiments (DCEs) allow systematic assessment of preferences by asking respondents to choose between scenarios. We conducted a labelled discrete choice experiment with realistic choices to inv...

    Authors: Michelle E Kruijshaar, Marie-Louise Essink-Bot, Bas Donkers, Caspar WN Looman, Peter D Siersema and Ewout W Steyerberg
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2009 9:31
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. The problem of silent multiple comparisons is one of the most difficult statistical problems faced by scientists. It is a particular problem for investigating a one-off cancer cluster reported to a health depa...

    Authors: Michael D Coory, Rachael A Wills and Adrian G Barnett
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2009 9:30
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Systematic review and meta-analysis currently underpin much of evidence-based medicine. Such methodologies bring order to previous research, but future research planning remains relatively incoherent and ineffici...

    Authors: Alexander J Sutton, Nicola J Cooper and David R Jones
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2009 9:29
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Health-related quality of life is a topic of current interest. This paper considers a randomized phase III study of radiation therapy with concurrent chemotherapy (docetaxel) versus radiation therapy alone in ...

    Authors: Nina Gunnes, Taral G Seierstad, Steinar Aamdal, Paal F Brunsvig, Anne-Birgitte Jacobsen, Stein Sundstrøm and Odd O Aalen
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2009 9:28
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Physical activity is being studied as a breast cancer prevention strategy. Women at risk of breast cancer report interest in lifestyle modification, but recruitment to randomized physical activity intervention...

    Authors: Larissa A Korde, Amy Micheli, Ashley W Smith, David Venzon, Sheila A Prindiville, Bart Drinkard, Nancy Sebring, Marcia D Smith, Jo Anne Zujewski and Jennifer Eng-Wong
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2009 9:27
    Content type: Research article Published on:
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BMC Medical Research Methodology

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