Lancefield R. A serological differential of human and other groups of hemolytic streptococci. J Exp Med. 1934; 59:441–48.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Schuchat A. Group B streptococcus. Lancet. 1999; 353(9146):51–56.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kwatra G, Madhi SA. Group B streptococcus In: Leuridan E, Nunes M, Jones C, editors. Maternal Immunization. London: Elsevier: 2020. p. 235–52. Chap. 11.
Google Scholar
Cagno CK, Pettit JM, Weiss BD. Prevention of perinatal Group B streptococcal disease: updated CDC guideline. Am Fam Physician. 2012; 86(1):59–65.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kwatra G, Cunnington MC, Merrall E, Adrian PV, Ip M, Klugman KP, Tam WH, Madhi SA. Prevalence of maternal colonisation with Group B streptococcus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2016; 16(9):1076–84.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Russell NJ, Seale AC, O’Driscoll M, O’Sullivan C, Bianchi-Jassir F, Gonzalez-Guarin J, Lawn JE, Baker CJ, Bartlett L, Cutland C, et al. Maternal colonization with Group B streptococcus and serotype distribution worldwide: systematic review and meta-analyses. Clin Infect Dis. 2017; 65(suppl_2):100–11.
Article
Google Scholar
Bevan D, White A, Marshall J, Peckham C. Modelling the effect of the introduction of antenatal screening for Group B streptococcus (GBS) carriage in the UK. BMJ Open. 2019; 9(3):024324.
Article
Google Scholar
Shabayek S, Spellerberg B. Group B streptococcal colonization, molecular characteristics, and epidemiology. Front Microbiol. 2018; 9:437.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Phares CR, Lynfield R, Farley MM, Mohle-Boetani J, Harrison LH, Petit S, Craig AS, Schaffner W, Zansky SM, Gershman K, et al. Epidemiology of invasive Group B streptococcal disease in the United States, 1999-2005. JAMA. 2008; 299(17):2056–65.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Butter M, De Moor C. Streptococcus agalactiae as a cause of meningitis in the newborn, and of bacteraemia in adults. Anton Leeuw. 1967; 33(1):439–50.
Article
Google Scholar
Baker CJ. The spectrum of perinatal Group B streptococcal disease. Vaccine. 2013; 31:3–6.
Article
Google Scholar
Madhi SA, Pathirana J, Baillie V, Cutland C, Adam Y, Izu A, Bassat Q, Blau DM, Breiman RF, Hale M, Johnstone S, Martines RB, Mathunjwa A, Nzenze S, Ordi J, Raghunathan PL, Ritter JM, Solomon F, Wadula J, Zaki SR, Chawana R. An observational pilot study evaluating the utility of minimally invasive tissue sampling to determine the cause of stillbirths in South African women. Clin Infect Dis. 2019; 69(Supplement 4):342–50. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz573. https://academic.oup.com/cid/article-pdf/69/Supplement_4/S342/30124397/ciz573.pdf.
Madhi SA, Briner C, Maswime S, Mose S, Mlandu P, Chawana R, Wadula J, Adam Y, Izu A, Cutland CL. Causes of stillbirths among women from South Africa: a prospective, observational study. Lancet Glob Health. 2019; 7(4):503–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30541-2.
Article
Google Scholar
Yow MD, Mason EO, Leeds LJ, Thompson PK, Clark DJ, Gardner SE. Ampicillin prevents intrapartum transmission of Group B streptococcus. J Am Med Assoc. 1979; 241(12):1245–47.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Oster G, Edelsberg J, Hennegan K, Lewin C, Narasimhan V, Slobod K, Edwards MS, Baker CJ. Prevention of Group B streptococcal disease in the first 3 months of life: would routine maternal immunization during pregnancy be cost-effective?Vaccine. 2014; 32(37):4778–85.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kim S-Y, Nguyen C, Russell LB, Tomczyk S, Abdul-Hakeem F, Schrag SJ, Verani JR, Sinha A. Cost-effectiveness of a potential Group B streptococcal vaccine for pregnant women in the United States. Vaccine. 2017; 35(45):6238–47.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Giorgakoudi K, O’Sullivan C, Heath PT, Ladhani S, Lamagni T, Ramsay M, Al-Janabi H, Trotter C. Cost-effectiveness analysis of maternal immunisation against Group B streptococcus (GBS) disease: A modelling study. Vaccine. 2018; 36(46):7033–42.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lancefield RC, McCARTY M, Everly WN. Multiple mouse-protective antibodies directed against Group B streptococci. special reference to antibodies effective against protein antigens. J Exp Med. 1975; 142(1):165–79.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Baker CJ, Rench MA, Edwards MS, Carpenter RJ, Hays BM, Kasper DL. Immunization of pregnant women with a polysaccharide vaccine of Group B streptococcus. N Engl J Med. 1988; 319(18):1180–85.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chen VL, Avci FY, Kasper DL. A maternal vaccine against Group B streptococcus: past, present, and future. Vaccine. 2013; 31:13–19.
Article
Google Scholar
Madhi SA, Cutland CL, Jose L, Koen A, Govender N, Wittke F, Olugbosi M, Sobanjo-ter Meulen A, Baker S, Dull PM, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of an investigational maternal trivalent Group B streptococcus vaccine in healthy women and their infants: a randomised phase 1b/2 trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2016; 16(8):923–34.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Madhi SA, Koen A, Cutland CL, Jose L, Govender N, Wittke F, Olugbosi M, Sobanjo-ter Meulen A, Baker S, Dull PM, et al. Antibody kinetics and response to routine vaccinations in infants born to women who received an investigational trivalent gGroup B streptococcus polysaccharide CRM197-conjugate vaccine during pregnancy. Clin Infect Dis. 2017; 65(11):1897–904.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Swamy GK, Metz TD, Edwards KM, Soper DE, Beigi RH, Campbell JD, Grassano L, Buffi G, Dreisbach A, Margarit I, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of an investigational maternal trivalent Group B streptococcus vaccine in pregnant women and their infants: Results from a randomized placebo-controlled phase ii trial. Vaccine. 2020; 38(44):6930–40.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Leroux-Roels G, Maes C, Willekens J, De Boever F, de Rooij R, Martell L, Bedell L, Wittke F, Slobod K, Dull P. A randomized, observer-blind phase ib study to identify formulations and vaccine schedules of a trivalent Group B streptococcus vaccine for use in non-pregnant and pregnant women. Vaccine. 2016; 34(15):1786–91.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Leroux-Roels G, Bebia Z, Maes C, Aerssens A, De Boever F, Grassano L, Buffi G, Margarit I, Karsten A, Cho S, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of a second dose of an investigational maternal trivalent Group B streptococcus vaccine in nonpregnant women 4-6 years after a first dose: results from a phase 2 trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2020; 70(12):2570–79.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Beran J, Leroux-Roels G, Van Damme P, de Hoon J, Vandermeulen C, Al-Ibrahim M, Johnson C, Peterson J, Baker S, Seidl C, et al.Safety and immunogenicity of fully liquid and lyophilized formulations of an investigational trivalent Group B streptococcus vaccine in healthy non-pregnant women: Results from a randomized comparative phase ii trial. Vaccine. 2020; 38(16):3227–34.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hillier SL, Ferrieri P, Edwards MS, Ewell M, Ferris D, Fine P, Carey V, Meyn L, Hoagland D, Kasper DL, et al. A phase 2, randomized, control trial of Group B streptococcus (GBS) type III capsular polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid (GBS III-TT) vaccine to prevent vaginal colonization with GBS III. Clin Infect Dis. 2019; 68(12):2079–86.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Absalon J, Segall N, Block SL, Center KJ, Scully IL, Giardina PC, Peterson J, Watson WJ, Gruber WC, Jansen KU, et al.Safety and immunogenicity of a novel hexavalent Group B streptococcus conjugate vaccine in healthy, non-pregnant adults: a phase 1/2, randomised, placebo-controlled, observer-blinded, dose-escalation trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020; 21(2):263–74.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Berner R. Group B streptococcus vaccines: one step further. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020; 21(2):158–60.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Madhi SA, Dangor Z, Heath PT, Schrag S, Izu A, Sobanjo-ter Meulen A, Dull PM. Considerations for a phase-iii trial to evaluate a Group B streptococcus polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccine in pregnant women for the prevention of early-and late-onset invasive disease in young-infants. Vaccine. 2013; 31:52–57.
Article
Google Scholar
Vekemans J, Moorthy V, Friede M, Alderson MR, Sobanjo-Ter Meulen A, Baker CJ, Heath PT, Madhi SA, Mehring-Le Doare K, Saha SK, et al. Maternal immunization against Group B streptococcus: World Health Organization research and development technological roadmap and preferred product characteristics. Vaccine. 2019; 37(50):7391–93.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Le Doare K, Kampmann B, Vekemans J, Heath PT, Goldblatt D, Nahm MH, Baker C, Edwards MS, Kwatra G, Andrews N, et al. Serocorrelates of protection against infant Group B streptococcus disease. Lancet Infect Dis. 2019; 19(5):162–71.
Article
Google Scholar
Dangor Z, Kwatra G, Izu A, Lala SG, Madhi SA. Review on the association of Group B streptococcus capsular antibody and protection against invasive disease in infants. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2015; 14(1):135–49.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Carey VJ, Baker CJ, Platt R. Bayesian inference on protective antibody levels using case-control data. Biometrics. 2001; 57(1):135–42.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Baker CJ, Carey VJ, Rench MA, Edwards MS, Hillier SL, Kasper DL, Platt R. Maternal antibody at delivery protects neonates from early onset Group B streptococcal disease. J Infect Dis. 2014; 209(5):781–88.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dangor Z, Kwatra G, Izu A, Adrian P, Cutland CL, Velaphi S, Ballot D, Reubenson G, Zell ER, Lala SG, et al. Correlates of protection of serotype-specific capsular antibody and invasive Group B streptococcus disease in South African infants. Vaccine. 2015; 33(48):6793–99.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fabbrini M, Rigat F, Rinaudo CD, Passalaqua I, Khacheh S, Creti R, Baldassarri L, Carboni F, Anderloni G, Rosini R, et al. The protective value of maternal Group B streptococcus antibodies: quantitative and functional analysis of naturally acquired responses to capsular polysaccharides and pilus proteins in European maternal sera. Clin Infect Dis. 2016; 63(6):746–53.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cools P, Melin P. Group B streptococcus and perinatal mortality. Res Microbiol. 2017; 168(9-10):793–801.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Claeskens G, Hjort NL. Model Selection and Model Averaging: Cambridge University Press; 2008.
McLachlan GJ, Peel D. Finite Mixture Models. Probability and Statistics – Applied Probability and Statistics Section, vol. 299. New York: Wiley; 2000.
Google Scholar
Frühwirth-Schnatter S. Finite Mixture and Markov Switching Models, 1st edn. Berlin: Springer; 2006.
Google Scholar
Schwarz G, et al. Estimating the dimension of a model. Ann Stat. 1978; 6(2):461–64.
Article
Google Scholar
Gelman A, Carlin JB, Stern HS, Dunson DB, Vehtari A, Rubin DB. Bayesian Data Analysis. Boca Raton: CRC press; 2013.
Book
Google Scholar
Brooks S, Gelman A, Jones G, Meng X-L. Handbook of Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Boca Raton: CRC press; 2011.
Book
Google Scholar
Rodriguez-Granger J, Alvargonzalez J, Berardi A, Berner R, Kunze M, Hufnagel M, Melin P, Decheva A, Orefici G, Poyart C, et al. Prevention of group b streptococcal neonatal disease revisited. the devani european project. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2012; 31(9):2097–104.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Afshar B, Broughton K, Creti R, Decheva A, Hufnagel M, Kriz P, Lambertsen L, Lovgren M, Melin P, Orefici G, et al. International external quality assurance for laboratory identification and typing of Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B streptococci). J Clin Microbiol. 2011; 49(4):1475–82.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Mahdi S, Izu A, Kwatra G, Jones S, Dangor Z, Wadula J, Moultrie A, Adam Y, Pu W, Henry O, Briner C, Cutland C. Association of Group B streptococcus serum serotype-specific anti-capsular IgG concentration and risk reduction for invasive Group B streptococcus disease in South African infants: an observational birth-cohort, matched case-control study. Clin Infect Dis. 2020; In press.
Niewiesk S. Maternal antibodies: clinical significance, mechanism of interference with immune responses, and possible vaccination strategies. Front Immunol. 2014; 5:446.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar