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Pragmatic clinical trials (PCTs) are designed to reflect how an investigational treatment would be applied in clinical practice. As such, unlike their explanatory counterparts, they measure therapeutic effecti...
Cochran’s Q statistic is routinely used for testing heterogeneity in meta-analysis. Its expected value (under an incorrect null distribution) is part of several popular estimators of the between-study variance,
To develop and validate a screening tool to identify patients with a high likelihood for Spondyloarthritis (SpA) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo).
Machine learning tools such as random forests provide important opportunities for modeling large, complex modern data generated in medicine. Unfortunately, when it comes to understanding why machine learning mode...
Up to 8% of the general population have a rare disease, however, for lack of ICD-10 codes for many rare diseases, this population cannot be generically identified in large medical datasets. We aimed to explore fr...
Improving the health and well-being of young people is a public health priority. Schools present an ideal setting to implement strategies to improve young people’s health and well-being. A key strategy involve...
The WHO model has laboratory-based and non-laboratory-based versions for 10-year risk prediction of cardiovascular diseases. Due to the fact that in some settings, there may not be the necessary facilities for...
Network meta-analysis (NMA) allows estimating and ranking the effects of several interventions for a clinical condition. Component network meta-analysis (CNMA) is an extension of NMA which considers the indivi...
Days alive without life support (DAWOLS) and similar outcomes that seek to summarise mortality and non-mortality experiences are increasingly used in critical care research. The use of these outcomes is challe...
The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is an annual survey designed to identify trends in the public’s health. In its 2019 field survey, the U.S. state of GA tested a new 3 – item module to mea...
Determining the vaccine effectiveness (VE) is an important part of studying every new vaccine. Test-negative case–control (TNCC) studies have recently been used to determine the VE. However, the estimated VE deri...
The Engage Study is a longitudinal biobehavioral cohort study of gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBM) in Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver. Baseline data (2,449 participants) were collected ...
The original article was published in BMC Medical Research Methodology 2023 23:85
While medical studies generally provide health feedback to participants, in observational studies this is not always the case due to logistical and financial difficulties, or concerns about changing observed b...
PONV reduces patient satisfaction and increases hospital costs as patients remain in the hospital for longer durations. In this study, we build a preliminary artificial intelligence algorithm model to predict ...
In economic evaluations, survival is often extrapolated to smooth out the Kaplan-Meier estimate and because the available data (e.g., from randomized controlled trials) are often right censored. Validation of ...
The recent progress in molecular biology generates an increasing interest in investigating molecular biomarkers as markers of response to treatments. The present work is motivated by a study, where the objecti...
Missing diagnoses are common in cross-sectional studies of dementia, and this missingness is usually related to whether the respondent has dementia or not. Failure to properly address this issue can lead to un...
There is a rapid increase in the incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) in newly industrialized countries, yet epidemiological data is incomplete. We herein report the methodology adopted to study the ...
Although superficially similar to data from clinical research, data extracted from electronic health records may require fundamentally different approaches for model building and analysis. Because electronic h...
The statistical models developed for meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies require specialised knowledge to implement. This is especially true since recent guidelines, such as those in Version 2 of...
Modelling the course of a disease regarding severe events and identifying prognostic factors is of great clinical relevance. Multistate models (MSM) can be used to describe diseases or processes that change ov...
Cancer registries collect patient-specific information about cancer diseases. The collected information is verified and made available to clinical researchers, physicians, and patients. When processing informa...
Integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine (ITCWM), as a representative type of complex intervention, is commonly used for the treatment of angina pectoris (AP) in clinical practice. However, it is un...
HIV is one of the deadliest epidemics and one of the most critical global public health issues. Some are susceptible to die among people living with HIV and some survive longer. The aim of the present study is...
To estimate causal effects, analysts performing observational studies in health settings utilize several strategies to mitigate bias due to confounding by indication. There are two broad classes of approaches ...
There is a pressing need to improve the accuracy of rare disease clinical study endpoints. Neutral theory, first described here, can be used to assess the accuracy of endpoints and improve their selection in r...
A considerable amount of various types of data have been collected during the COVID-19 pandemic, the analysis and understanding of which have been indispensable for curbing the spread of the disease. As the pa...
Sub-cohort sampling designs such as a case-cohort study play a key role in studying biomarker-disease associations due to their cost effectiveness. Time-to-event outcome is often the focus in cohort studies, a...
Data-sharing is increasingly encouraged or required by funders and journals. Data-sharing is more complicated for lifecourse studies that rely upon ongoing participation, but little is known about perspectives...
A Trial within Cohorts (TwiCs) study design is a trial design that uses the infrastructure of an observational cohort study to initiate a randomized trial. Upon cohort enrollment, the participants provide cons...
Effectiveness-implementation hybrid designs are a relatively new approach to evaluate efficacious interventions in real-world settings while concurrently gathering information on the implementation. Interventi...
Guidance and reporting principles such as CONSORT (for randomised trials) and PRISMA (for systematic reviews) have greatly improved the reporting, discoverability, transparency and consistency of published res...
Clinical outcomes are normally captured less frequently than data from remote technologies, leaving a disparity in volumes of data from these different sources. To align these data, flexible polynomial regress...
Virtual data collection methods and consent procedures adopted in response to the COVID-19 pandemic enabled continued research activities, but also introduced concerns about equity, inclusivity, representation...
Multiple imputation (MI) is an established technique for handling missing data in observational studies. Joint modelling (JM) and fully conditional specification (FCS) are commonly used methods for imputing mu...
Failure to appropriately account for unmeasured confounding may lead to erroneous conclusions. Quantitative bias analysis (QBA) can be used to quantify the potential impact of unmeasured confounding or how muc...
To understand and prevent sport injuries, scholars have employed different scientific approaches and research methods. Traditionally, this research has been monodisciplinary, relying on one subdiscipline of sp...
The original article was published in BMC Medical Research Methodology 2022 22:287
Despite the extensive research on data mining algorithms, there is still a lack of a standard protocol to evaluate the performance of the existing algorithms. Therefore, the study aims to provide a novel proce...
Research on risk factors for neuropsychiatric adverse events (NAEs) in smoking cessation with pharmacotherapy is scarce. We aimed to identify predictors and develop a prediction model for risk of NAEs in smoki...
Safety is important in the assessment of health interventions, while the results of adverse events are often susceptive to potential effect modifiers since the event risk tends to be rare. In this study, we in...
Item 13 of the CONSORT guidelines recommends documentation of the participant flow in randomised clinical trials (RCTs) using a diagram. In the medical literature, the reporting of the flow of participants in ...
Rheumatology researchers often categorize continuous predictor variables. We aimed to show how this practice may alter results from observational studies in rheumatology.
Multimedia multi-device measurement platforms may make the assessment of prevention-related medical variables with a focus on cardiovascular outcomes more attractive and time-efficient. The aim of the studies ...
The use of machine learning is becoming increasingly popular in many disciplines, but there is still an implementation gap of machine learning models in clinical settings. Lack of trust in models is one of the...
Trauma is one of the most critical public health issues worldwide, leading to death and disability and influencing all age groups. Therefore, there is great interest in models for predicting mortality in traum...
In studies of time-to-events, it is common to collect information about events that occurred before the inclusion in a prospective cohort. When the studied risk factors are independent of time, including both ...
The Utrecht Cardiovascular Cohort – CardioVascular Risk Management (UCC-CVRM) was set up as a learning healthcare system (LHS), aiming at guideline based cardiovascular risk factor measurement in all patients ...
With the increased interest in the inclusion of non-randomised data in network meta-analyses (NMAs) of randomised controlled trials (RCTs), analysts need to consider the implications of the differences in stud...
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