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  1. The likelihood ratio function (LR), the ratio of conditional probabilities of obtaining a specific marker value among those with the event of interest over those without, provides an easily interpretable way t...

    Authors: Andrew M. Smith, John P. Christodouleas and Wei-Ting Hwang

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:108

    Content type: Research article

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  2. Antimalarial efficacy studies in patients with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum are confounded by a new infection (a competing risk event) since this event can potentially preclude a recrudescent event (primar...

    Authors: Prabin Dahal, Philippe J. Guerin, Ric N. Price, Julie A. Simpson and Kasia Stepniewska

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:107

    Content type: Research article

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  4. In this paper we discuss the emergence of many different methods for doing a literature review. Referring back to the early days, when there were essentially two types of review; a Cochrane systematic review a...

    Authors: Helen Aveyard and Caroline Bradbury-Jones

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:105

    Content type: Research article

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  5. Net survival, a measure of the survival where the patients would only die from the cancer under study, may be compared between treatment groups using either “cause-specific methods”, when the causes of death a...

    Authors: Juste Aristide Goungounga, Célia Touraine, Nathalie Grafféo and Roch Giorgi

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:104

    Content type: Research article

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  6. Most clinical trials with time-to-event primary outcomes are designed assuming constant event rates and proportional hazards over time. Non-constant event rates and non-proportional hazards are seen increasing...

    Authors: Kim Jachno, Stephane Heritier and Rory Wolfe

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:103

    Content type: Research article

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  7. Large and complex studies are now routine, and quality assurance and quality control (QC) procedures ensure reliable results and conclusions. Standard procedures may comprise manual verification and double ent...

    Authors: Kelly M. Sunderland, Derek Beaton, Julia Fraser, Donna Kwan, Paula M. McLaughlin, Manuel Montero-Odasso, Alicia J. Peltsch, Frederico Pieruccini-Faria, Demetrios J. Sahlas, Richard H. Swartz, Stephen C. Strother and Malcolm A. Binns

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:102

    Content type: Research article

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  8. Q methodology is an evidenced approach to researching subjectivity, involving a combination of qualitative and quantitative techniques. The methodology has been used successfully in healthcare research to expl...

    Authors: Melissa Kirschbaum, Tony Barnett and Merylin Cross

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:101

    Content type: Research article

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  9. Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (cALL) is the most frequent pediatric cancer. Over the past decades, treatment of cALL has significantly improved, with cure rates close to 90%. However intensive chemoth...

    Authors: Miguel Caubet Fernandez, Simon Drouin, Mariia Samoilenko, Sophia Morel, Maja Krajinovic, Caroline Laverdière, Daniel Sinnett, Emile Levy, Valérie Marcil and Geneviève Lefebvre

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:100

    Content type: Research article

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  10. Bayesian adaptive designs can improve the efficiency of trials, and lead to trials that can produce high quality evidence more quickly, with fewer patients and lower costs than traditional methods. The aim of ...

    Authors: Elizabeth G. Ryan, Julie Bruce, Andrew J. Metcalfe, Nigel Stallard, Sarah E. Lamb, Kert Viele, Duncan Young and Simon Gates

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:99

    Content type: Research article

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  11. A dataset is indispensable to answer the research questions of clinical research studies. Inaccurate data lead to ambiguous results, and the removal of errors results in increased cost. The aim of this Quality...

    Authors: Naila A. Shaheen, Bipin Manezhi, Abin Thomas and Mohammed AlKelya

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:98

    Content type: Research article

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  12. Despite its popularity, issues concerning the estimation of power in multilevel logistic regression models are prevalent because of the complexity involved in its calculation (i.e., computer-simulation-based a...

    Authors: Oscar L. Olvera Astivia, Anne Gadermann and Martin Guhn

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:97

    Content type: Research article

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  13. In clinical and epidemiological researches, continuous predictors are often discretized into categorical variables for classification of patients. When the relationship between a continuous predictor and log r...

    Authors: Yimin Chen, Jialing Huang, Xianying He, Yongxiang Gao, Gehendra Mahara, Zhuochen Lin and Jinxin Zhang

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:96

    Content type: Technical advance

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  14. Poor medication adherence is a major factor in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and contributes to increased morbidity, mortality, and costs. Interventions for improving medication adh...

    Authors: A. Sieben, S. J. H. Bredie, J. C. H. B. M. Luijten, C. J. H. M. van Laarhoven, S. van Dulmen and H. A. W. van Onzenoort

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:95

    Content type: Research article

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  15. To study patient physiology throughout a period of acute hospitalization, we sought to create accessible, standardized nationwide data at the level of the individual patient-facility-day. This methodology pape...

    Authors: Xiao Qing Wang, Brenda M. Vincent, Wyndy L. Wiitala, Kaitlyn A. Luginbill, Elizabeth M. Viglianti, Hallie C. Prescott and Theodore J. Iwashyna

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:94

    Content type: Database

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  16. While it is widely acknowledged that family burden can be ameliorated with effective psycho-social interventions, how to measure family burden and define a valid cutoff to identify family caregivers in need of...

    Authors: Yu Yu, Zi-Wei Liu, Wei Zhou, Mei Zhao, Bing-Wei Tang and Shui-Yuan Xiao

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:93

    Content type: Research article

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  17. Evaluation of complex interventions (CI) is challenging for health researchers and requires innovative approaches. The objective of this work is to present the main methods used to evaluate CI.

    Authors: Laetitia Minary, Justine Trompette, Joëlle Kivits, Linda Cambon, Cyril Tarquinio and François Alla

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:92

    Content type: Research article

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  18. Reliable data from health surveys are essential to describe the status and trends in health indicators by means of information not available from official registers. In Denmark, nationally representative healt...

    Authors: Heidi Amalie Rosendahl Jensen, Ola Ekholm, Michael Davidsen and Anne Illemann Christensen

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:91

    Content type: Research article

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  19. Radiologic assessments of baseline and post-treatment tumor burden are subject to measurement variability, but the impact of this variability on the objective response rate (ORR) and progression rate in specif...

    Authors: Jeong-Hwa Yoon, Soon Ho Yoon and Seokyung Hahn

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:90

    Content type: Research article

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  20. Studies in both paediatric and psychiatric settings often experience problems in recruitment. This can compromise the ability of the study to recruit to target, meaning studies are potentially underpowered. It...

    Authors: Maria E. Loades, Lucie Smith, Nina Higson-Sweeney, Lucy Beasant, Paul Stallard, David Kessler and Esther Crawley

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:89

    Content type: Research article

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  21. Biomarkers of inflammation predictive of cystic fibrosis (CF) disease outcomes would increase the power of clinical trials and contribute to better personalization of clinical assessments. A representative pat...

    Authors: Theodore G. Liou, Frederick R. Adler, Natalia Argel, Fadi Asfour, Perry S. Brown, Barbara A. Chatfield, Cori L. Daines, Dixie Durham, Jessica A. Francis, Barbara Glover, Theresa Heynekamp, John R. Hoidal, Judy L. Jensen, Ruth Keogh, Carol M. Kopecky, Noah Lechtzin…

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:88

    Content type: Research article

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  22. This study examined the agreement between patient-reported chronic diseases and hospital administrative records in hip or knee arthroplasty patients in England.

    Authors: Bélène Podmore, Andrew Hutchings, Sujith Konan and Jan van der Meulen

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:87

    Content type: Research article

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  24. Performing well-powered randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of new treatments for rare diseases is often infeasible. However, with the increasing availability of historical data, incorporating existing informa...

    Authors: Caroline Brard, Lisa V. Hampson, Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cécile Le Deley and Gwénaël Le Teuff

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:85

    Content type: Research article

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  25. Measuring body mass index (BMI) has been proposed as a method of screening for preventive primary care and population surveillance of childhood obesity. However, the accuracy of routinely collected measurement...

    Authors: Sarah Carsley, Patricia C. Parkin, Karen Tu, Eleanor Pullenayegum, Nav Persaud, Jonathon L. Maguire and Catherine S. Birken

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:84

    Content type: Research article

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  26. Maternal and child health are internationally considered to be among the best measures for assessing health-care quality. The study was carried out with the following aims: 1) to assess the quality of perinata...

    Authors: Claudia Pileggi, Lorena Squillace, Mariavalentina Giordano, Rosa Papadopoli, Aida Bianco and Maria Pavia

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:83

    Content type: Research article

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  27. Multiple neonatal and pediatric disorders have been linked to older paternal ages. Combining these findings with the evidence that many men are having children at much later ages generates considerable public ...

    Authors: James A. Thompson

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:82

    Content type: Research article

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  28. Recommended statistical methods for meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies require relatively complex bivariate statistical models which can be a barrier for non-statisticians. A further barrier exi...

    Authors: Suzanne C. Freeman, Clareece R. Kerby, Amit Patel, Nicola J. Cooper, Terry Quinn and Alex J. Sutton

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:81

    Content type: Software

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  29. There have been calls for greater consideration of applicability and transferability in systematic reviews, to improve their usefulness in informing policy and practice. Understanding how evidence is, or is no...

    Authors: Susan Baxter, Maxine Johnson, Duncan Chambers, Anthea Sutton, Elizabeth Goyder and Andrew Booth

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:80

    Content type: Research article

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  30. In medical research, explanatory continuous variables are frequently transformed or converted into categorical variables. If the coding is unknown, many tests can be used to identify the “optimal” transformati...

    Authors: Benoit Liquet and Jérémie Riou

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:79

    Content type: Software

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  31. To investigate the prevalence of protocol registration (or development) among published dose-response meta-analyses (DRMAs), and whether DRMAs with a protocol are better than those not.

    Authors: Chang Xu, Liang-Liang Cheng, Yu Liu, Peng-Li Jia, Ming-Yue Gao and Chao Zhang

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:78

    Content type: Research article

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  32. Clinical decisions are made based on Cochrane reviews, but the implementation of results of evidence syntheses such as Cochrane reviews is problematic if the evidence is not prepared consistently. All systemat...

    Authors: Andrija Babic, Andela Pijuk, Lucie Brázdilová, Yuliyana Georgieva, Marco António Raposo Pereira, Tina Poklepovic Pericic and Livia Puljak

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:77

    Content type: Research article

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  33. An important part of the systematic review methodology is appraisal of the risk of bias in included studies. Cochrane systematic reviews are considered golden standard regarding systematic review methodology, ...

    Authors: Andrija Babic, Ruzica Tokalic, João Amílcar Silva Cunha, Ivana Novak, Jelena Suto, Marin Vidak, Ivana Miosic, Ivana Vuka, Tina Poklepovic Pericic and Livia Puljak

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:76

    Content type: Research article

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  34. Although subjective expressions and linguistic fluency have been shown as important factors in processing and interpreting textual facts, analyses of these traits in textual health information for different au...

    Authors: Jasna Karačić, Pierpaolo Dondio, Ivan Buljan, Darko Hren and Ana Marušić

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:75

    Content type: Research article

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  36. There is evidence that the physician response rate is declining. In response to this, methods for increasing the physician response rate are currently being explored. This paper examines the response rate and ...

    Authors: Lesley Weaver, Timothy J. Beebe and Todd Rockwood

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:73

    Content type: Research article

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  37. Accelerometers are widely used to measure sedentary time and daily physical activity (PA). However, data collection and processing criteria, such as non-wear time rules might affect the assessment of total PA ...

    Authors: Jérémy Vanhelst, Florian Vidal, Elodie Drumez, Laurent Béghin, Jean-Benoît Baudelet, Stéphanie Coopman and Frédéric Gottrand

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:72

    Content type: Research article

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  38. In clinical trials, study designs may focus on assessment of superiority, equivalence, or non-inferiority, of a new medicine or treatment as compared to a control. Typically, evidence in each of these paradigm...

    Authors: Don van Ravenzwaaij, Rei Monden, Jorge N. Tendeiro and John P. A. Ioannidis

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:71

    Content type: Technical advance

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  39. Chronic respiratory symptoms involving bronchitis, cough and phlegm in children are underappreciated but pose a significant public health burden. Efforts for prevention and management could be supported by an ...

    Authors: Huiyu Deng, Robert Urman, Frank D. Gilliland and Sandrah P. Eckel

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:70

    Content type: Research article

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  40. Treatment switching is common in randomised trials of oncology treatments, with control group patients switching onto the experimental treatment during follow-up. This distorts an intention-to-treat comparison...

    Authors: N. R. Latimer, K. R. Abrams and U. Siebert

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:69

    Content type: Research article

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  41. Crowding in the emergency department (ED) is associated with increased mortality, increased treatment cost, and reduced quality of care. Crowding arises when demand exceed resources in the ED and a first sign ...

    Authors: Andreas Halgreen Eiset, Hans Kirkegaard and Mogens Erlandsen

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:68

    Content type: Research article

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  42. Rare diseases are a global public health priority. Though each disease is rare, when taken together the thousands of known rare diseases cause significant morbidity and mortality, impact quality of life, and c...

    Authors: Menaka Pai, Cindy H. T. Yeung, Elie A. Akl, Andrea Darzi, Christopher Hillis, Kimberly Legault, Joerg J. Meerpohl, Nancy Santesso, Domenica Taruscio, Madeleine Verhovsek, Holger J. Schünemann and Alfonso Iorio

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:67

    Content type: Research article

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  43. Navigating the world of qualitative thematic analysis can be challenging. This is compounded by the fact that detailed descriptions of methods are often omitted from qualitative discussions. While qualitative ...

    Authors: Kate Roberts, Anthony Dowell and Jing-Bao Nie

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:66

    Content type: Research article

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  44. Surveys are established methods for collecting population data that are unavailable from other sources; however, response rates to surveys are declining. A number of methods have been identified to increase su...

    Authors: Siân Harrison, Jane Henderson, Fiona Alderdice and Maria A. Quigley

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:65

    Content type: Research article

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  45. Following visible successes on a wide range of predictive tasks, machine learning techniques are attracting substantial interest from medical researchers and clinicians. We address the need for capacity develo...

    Authors: Jenni A. M. Sidey-Gibbons and Chris J. Sidey-Gibbons

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:64

    Content type: Research article

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  46. The Scaling Integrated Care in Context (SCIROCCO) tool has been developed to facilitate knowledge transfer and learning about the implementation and scaling-up of integrated care in European regions. To adequa...

    Authors: Liset Grooten, Hubertus Johannes Maria Vrijhoef, Stefano Calciolari, Laura Guadalupe González Ortiz, Marcela Janečková, Mirella M. N. Minkman and Dirk Devroey

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:63

    Content type: Research article

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  47. Continuity of cardiac care after hospital discharge is a priority, especially as healthcare systems become increasingly complex and fragmented. There are few available instruments to measure continuity of card...

    Authors: Irene Valaker, Bengt Fridlund, Tore Wentzel-Larsen, Heather Hadjistavropoulos, Jan Erik Nordrehaug, Svein Rotevatn, Maj-Britt Råholm and Tone M. Norekvål

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:62

    Content type: Research article

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  48. Meta-analysis is a useful tool for combining evidence from multiple studies to estimate a pooled treatment effect. An extension of meta-analysis, network meta-analysis, is becoming more commonly used as a way ...

    Authors: Martin Law, Navid Alam, Areti Angeliki Veroniki, Yi Yu and Dan Jackson

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:61

    Content type: Research article

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  49. Interviewers can substantially affect self-reported data. This may be due to random variation in interviewers’ ability to put respondents at ease or in how they frame questions. It may also be due to systemati...

    Authors: Guy Harling, Michael M. Chanda, Katrina F. Ortblad, Magdalene Mwale, Steven Chongo, Catherine Kanchele, Nyambe Kamungoma, Leah G. Barresi, Till Bärnighausen and Catherine E. Oldenburg

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:60

    Content type: Research article

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