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National mortality statistics are based on a single underlying cause of death. This practice does not adequately represent the impact of the range of conditions experienced in an ageing population in which mul...
Failure time data frequently occur in many medical studies and often accompany with various types of censoring. In some applications, left truncation may occur and can induce biased sampling, which makes the p...
Understanding how SARS-CoV-2 infection impacts long-term patient outcomes requires identification of comparable persons with and without infection. We report the design and implementation of a matching strateg...
Only rigorously prepared analyses can provide the highest level of evidence to inform decision-making. Several recent systematic reviews (SRs) examined the hypothesis that the early introduction of specific al...
In network meta-analysis, estimation of a comparative effect can be performed for treatments that are connected either directly or indirectly. However, disconnected trial networks may arise, which poses a chal...
Pre-trial acceptability studies may boost recruitment, especially in trials comparing distinctly different interventions. We evaluated the impact of an acceptability study on recruitment to a randomised trial ...
The primary aim of the present study was to validate the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) model for incident Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in Iran.
COVID-19 is a new multi-organ disease causing considerable worldwide morbidity and mortality. While many recognized pathophysiological mechanisms are involved, their exact causal relationships remain opaque. B...
The problem of dealing with misreported data is very common in a wide range of contexts for different reasons. The current situation caused by the Covid-19 worldwide pandemic is a clear example, where the data...
Baseline outcome risk can be an important determinant of absolute treatment benefit and has been used in guidelines for “personalizing” medical decisions. We compared easily applicable risk-based methods for o...
Subjective “ladder” measurements of socio-economic status (SES) are easy-to-administer tools that ask respondents to rate their own SES, allowing them to evaluate their own material resources and determine whe...
In pre-post designs, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) is a standard technique to detect the treatment effect with a continuous variable measured at baseline and follow-up. For measurements subject to a high deg...
Drug toxicity does not affect patients equally; the toxicity may only exert in patients who possess certain attributes of susceptibility to specific drug properties (i.e., drug-host interaction). This concept ...
Non-cancer mortality in cancer patients may be higher than overall mortality in the general population due to a combination of factors, such as long-term adverse effects of treatments, and genetic, environment...
In many countries, the prevalence of non-communicable diseases risk factors is commonly assessed through self-reported information from health interview surveys. It has been shown, however, that self-reported ...
Clinical guidelines should be based on a thorough evaluation of the evidence and generally include a rating of the quality of evidence and assign a strength to recommendations. Grading of Recommendations Asses...
Getting access to administrative health data for research purposes is a difficult and time-consuming process due to increasingly demanding privacy regulations. An alternative method for sharing administrative ...
Combination therapies directed at multiple targets have potentially improved treatment effects for cancer patients. Compared to monotherapy, targeted combination therapy leads to an increasing number of subgro...
Overweight and obesity are severe public health problems worldwide. Obesity can lead to chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus. Environmental factors may affect lifestyle aspects and are therefore e...
The effectiveness of malaria vector control interventions is often evaluated using cluster randomized trials (CRT) with outcomes assessed using repeated cross-sectional surveys. A key requirement for appropria...
‘A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews, version 2’ (AMSTAR 2) is a validated 16-item scale designed to appraise systematic reviews (SRs) of healthcare interventions and to rate the overall confidence...
To control emerging diseases, governments often have to make decisions based on limited evidence. The effective or temporal reproductive number is used to estimate the expected number of new cases caused by an...
In evidence synthesis practice, dealing with studies with no cases in both arms has been a tough problem, for which there is no consensus in the research community. In this study, we propose a method to measur...
Baseline imbalance in covariates associated with the primary outcome in clinical trials leads to bias in the reporting of results. Standard practice is to mitigate that bias by stratifying by those covariates ...
The original article was published in BMC Medical Research Methodology 2010 10:1
Latent class models are increasingly used to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic tests in the absence of a gold standard, and are commonly fitted using Bayesian methods. These models allow u...
Combinations of drugs are becoming increasingly common in oncology treatment. In some cases, patients can benefit from the interaction between two drugs, although there is usually a higher risk of developing t...
Science is becoming increasingly data intensive as digital innovations bring new capacity for continuous data generation and storage. This progress also brings challenges, as many scientific initiatives are ch...
Safe and effective vaccines are crucial for the control of Covid-19 and to protect individuals at higher risk of severe disease. The test-negative design is a popular option for evaluating the effectiveness of...
Longitudinal studies are critical to informing evolving responses to COVID-19 but can be hampered by attrition bias, which undermines their reliability for guiding policy and practice. We describe recruitment ...
The study aimed to explore reporting characteristics of scoping reviews in dental public health and the impact of some factors on the reporting quality.
A basket trial is a type of clinical trial in which eligibility is based on the presence of specific molecular characteristics across subpopulations with different cancer types. The existing basket designs wit...
In health research, several chronic diseases are susceptible to competing risks (CRs). Initially, statistical models (SM) were developed to estimate the cumulative incidence of an event in the presence of CRs....
Commercial activity trackers are increasingly used in research and compared with research-based accelerometers are often less intrusive, cheaper, with improved storage and battery capacity, although typically ...
Treatment switching, also called crossover, is common in clinical trials because of ethical concerns or other reasons. When it occurs and the primary objective is to identify treatment effects, the most widely...
The original article was published in BMC Medical Research Methodology 2022 22:219
Limited information is available about neonates’ critical conditions data quality. The study aim was to measure the agreement regarding presence of neonatal critical conditions between Medicaid Analytic eXtrac...
Multi-institution electronic health records (EHR) are a rich source of real world data (RWD) for generating real world evidence (RWE) regarding the utilization, benefits and harms of medical interventions. The...
Data-generating processes are key to the design of Monte Carlo simulations. It is important for investigators to be able to simulate data with specific characteristics.
Systematic reviews of studies of clinical prediction models are becoming increasingly abundant in the literature. Data extraction and risk of bias assessment are critical steps in any systematic review. CHARMS...
Researchers are cautioned against misinterpreting the conventional P value, especially while implementing the popular t test. Therefore, this study evaluated the agreement between the P value and Bayes factor (BF
Despite recent advances in causal inference methods, outcome regression remains the most widely used approach for estimating causal effects in epidemiological studies with a single-point exposure and outcome. ...
Propensity score analysis is increasingly used to control for confounding factors in observational studies. Unfortunately, unavoidable missing values make estimating propensity scores extremely challenging. We...
Multi-state models are complex stochastic models which focus on pathways defined by the temporal and sequential occurrence of numerous events of interest. In particular, the so-called illness-death models are ...
Incidence is one of the most important epidemiologic indices in surveillance. However, determining incidence is complex and requires time-consuming cohort studies or registries with date of diagnosis. Estimati...
The original article was published in BMC Medical Research Methodology 2023 23:14
When quantifying differences in health outcomes between immigrants and non-immigrants, it is common practice to adjust for observed differences in outcome risk factors between the groups being compared. Howeve...
Patient-reported outcomes such as health-related quality of life (HRQoL) are increasingly used as endpoints in randomized cancer clinical trials. However, the patients often drop out so that observation of the...
Composite endpoints for estimating treatment efficacy are routinely used in several therapeutic areas and have become complex in the number and types of component outcomes included. It is assumed that its comp...
This analysis addresses the characteristics of two emergency department (ED) patient populations defined by three model diseases (hip fractures, respiratory, and cardiac symptoms) making use of survey (primary...
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